MITRE at SemEval-2016 Task 6: Transfer Learning for Stance Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
We describe MITRE's submission to the SemEval-2016 Task 6, Detecting Stance in Tweets. This effort achieved the top score in Task A on supervised stance detection, producing an average F1 score of 67.8 when assessing whether a tweet author was in favor or against a topic. We employed a recurrent neural network initialized with features learned via distant supervision on two large unlabeled datasets. We trained embeddings of words and phrases with the word2vec skip-gram method, then used those features to learn sentence representations via a hashtag prediction auxiliary task. These sentence vectors were then fine-tuned for stance detection on several hundred labeled examples. The result was a high performing system that used transfer learning to maximize the value of the available training data.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Jun 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 7; 2023: 6; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 3.
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- 2023Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social Science?cited by 250
- 2022POLITICS: Pretraining with Same-story Article Comparison for Ideology Prediction and Stance Detectioncited by 51
- 2021Adversarial Learning for Zero-Shot Stance Detection on Social Mediacited by 37
- 2023Prompting and Fine-Tuning Open-Sourced Large Language Models for Stance Classificationcited by 17
- 2022Exploiting Sentiment and Common Sense for Zero-shot Stance Detectioncited by 16
- 2022Improved Target-specific Stance Detection on Social Media Platforms by Delving into Conversation Threadscited by 16
- 2023MGTAB: A Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmarkcited by 16
- 2021MeLT: Message-Level Transformer with Masked Document Representations as Pre-Training for Stance Detectioncited by 11
- 2025Zero-Shot Conversational Stance Detection: Dataset and Approachescited by 11
- 2021Semi-automatic Generation of Multilingual Datasets for Stance Detection in Twittercited by 10
- 2024A Survey of Stance Detection on Social Media: New Directions and Perspectivescited by 8
- 2021Introduction to Neural Transfer Learning with Transformers for Social Science Text Analysiscited by 6
15 more
- 2021Adapting to the Long Tail: A Meta-Analysis of Transfer Learning Research for Language Understanding Taskscited by 6
- 2022Explainable Patterns for Distinction and Prediction of Moral Judgement on Redditcited by 6
- 2022ExaASC: A General Target-Based Stance Detection Corpus in Arabic Languagecited by 5
- 2024Stance Detection on Social Media with Fine-Tuned Large Language Modelscited by 5
- 2022Writing about COVID-19 vaccines: Emotional profiling unravels how mainstream and alternative press framed AstraZeneca, Pfizer and vaccination campaignscited by 3
- 2023Hashtag-Guided Low-Resource Tweet Classificationcited by 3
- 2021A Weakly Supervised Approach for Classifying Stance in Twitter Repliescited by 2
- 2023Guiding Computational Stance Detection with Expanded Stance Triangle Frameworkcited by 2
- 2024Zero-shot Cross-lingual Stance Detection via Adversarial Language Adaptationcited by 1
- 2026Zero-Shot Stance Detection in the Wild: Dynamic Target Generation and Multi-Target Adaptationcited by 1
- 2022Turning Stocks into Memes: A Dataset for Understanding How Social Communities Can Drive Wall Streetcited by 0
- 2023Multi-label and Multi-target Sampling of Machine Annotation for Computational Stance Detectioncited by 0
- 2025Multilingual Target-Stance Extractioncited by 0
- 2026StanceFlip: A Comprehensive Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Multimodal Conversational Stance Flipping Forecastingcited by 0
- 2026From Two Passes to One: Compact and Efficient Target-Stance Extractioncited by 0
- 2026From Two Passes to One: Compact and Efficient Target-Stance Extraction5 Sep 2026
- 2026StanceFlip: A Comprehensive Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Multimodal Conversational Stance Flipping Forecasting27 Jul 2026
- 2026Zero-Shot Stance Detection in the Wild: Dynamic Target Generation and Multi-Target Adaptation27 Jan 2026
- 2025Multilingual Target-Stance Extraction25 Oct 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Conversational Stance Detection: Dataset and Approaches21 Jun 2025
- 2024A Survey of Stance Detection on Social Media: New Directions and Perspectives24 Sep 2024
- 2024Zero-shot Cross-lingual Stance Detection via Adversarial Language Adaptation22 Apr 2024
- 2024Stance Detection on Social Media with Fine-Tuned Large Language Models18 Apr 2024
- 2023Multi-label and Multi-target Sampling of Machine Annotation for Computational Stance Detection8 Nov 2023
- 2023Prompting and Fine-Tuning Open-Sourced Large Language Models for Stance Classification24 Sep 2023
- 2023Guiding Computational Stance Detection with Expanded Stance Triangle Framework31 May 2023
- 2023Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social Science?12 Apr 2023
15 more
- 2023Hashtag-Guided Low-Resource Tweet Classification20 Feb 2023
- 2023MGTAB: A Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark3 Jan 2023
- 2022Improved Target-specific Stance Detection on Social Media Platforms by Delving into Conversation Threads6 Nov 2022
- 2022Exploiting Sentiment and Common Sense for Zero-shot Stance Detection18 Aug 2022
- 2022POLITICS: Pretraining with Same-story Article Comparison for Ideology Prediction and Stance Detection2 May 2022
- 2022ExaASC: A General Target-Based Stance Detection Corpus in Arabic Language29 Apr 2022
- 2022Turning Stocks into Memes: A Dataset for Understanding How Social Communities Can Drive Wall Street16 Mar 2022
- 2022Explainable Patterns for Distinction and Prediction of Moral Judgement on Reddit26 Jan 2022
- 2022Writing about COVID-19 vaccines: Emotional profiling unravels how mainstream and alternative press framed AstraZeneca, Pfizer and vaccination campaigns19 Jan 2022
- 2021Adapting to the Long Tail: A Meta-Analysis of Transfer Learning Research for Language Understanding Tasks2 Nov 2021
- 2021MeLT: Message-Level Transformer with Masked Document Representations as Pre-Training for Stance Detection16 Sep 2021
- 2021Adversarial Learning for Zero-Shot Stance Detection on Social Media14 May 2021
- 2021A Weakly Supervised Approach for Classifying Stance in Twitter Replies12 Mar 2021
- 2021Introduction to Neural Transfer Learning with Transformers for Social Science Text Analysis3 Feb 2021
- 2021Semi-automatic Generation of Multilingual Datasets for Stance Detection in Twitter28 Jan 2021
- 2023Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social Science?cited by 250
- 2022POLITICS: Pretraining with Same-story Article Comparison for Ideology Prediction and Stance Detectioncited by 51
- 2021Adversarial Learning for Zero-Shot Stance Detection on Social Mediacited by 37
- 2023Prompting and Fine-Tuning Open-Sourced Large Language Models for Stance Classificationcited by 17
- 2022Exploiting Sentiment and Common Sense for Zero-shot Stance Detectioncited by 16
- 2022Improved Target-specific Stance Detection on Social Media Platforms by Delving into Conversation Threadscited by 16
- 2023MGTAB: A Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmarkcited by 16
- 2021MeLT: Message-Level Transformer with Masked Document Representations as Pre-Training for Stance Detectioncited by 11
- 2025Zero-Shot Conversational Stance Detection: Dataset and Approachescited by 11
- 2021Semi-automatic Generation of Multilingual Datasets for Stance Detection in Twittercited by 10
- 2024A Survey of Stance Detection on Social Media: New Directions and Perspectivescited by 8
- 2021Introduction to Neural Transfer Learning with Transformers for Social Science Text Analysiscited by 6
12 most cited of 27 All 27 (JSON)
- 2026From Two Passes to One: Compact and Efficient Target-Stance Extraction5 Sep 2026
- 2026StanceFlip: A Comprehensive Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Multimodal Conversational Stance Flipping Forecasting27 Jul 2026
- 2026Zero-Shot Stance Detection in the Wild: Dynamic Target Generation and Multi-Target Adaptation27 Jan 2026
- 2025Multilingual Target-Stance Extraction25 Oct 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot Conversational Stance Detection: Dataset and Approaches21 Jun 2025
- 2024A Survey of Stance Detection on Social Media: New Directions and Perspectives24 Sep 2024
- 2024Zero-shot Cross-lingual Stance Detection via Adversarial Language Adaptation22 Apr 2024
- 2024Stance Detection on Social Media with Fine-Tuned Large Language Models18 Apr 2024
- 2023Multi-label and Multi-target Sampling of Machine Annotation for Computational Stance Detection8 Nov 2023
- 2023Prompting and Fine-Tuning Open-Sourced Large Language Models for Stance Classification24 Sep 2023
- 2023Guiding Computational Stance Detection with Expanded Stance Triangle Framework31 May 2023
- 2023Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social Science?12 Apr 2023
12 newest of 27 All 27 (JSON)