mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

A Fast Unified Model for Parsing and Sentence Understanding

arXiv 1603.06021 ↗First posted 19 Mar 2016cs.CLcited by 34

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Tree-structured neural networks exploit valuable syntactic parse information as they interpret the meanings of sentences. However, they suffer from two key technical problems that make them slow and unwieldy for large-scale NLP tasks: they usually operate on parsed sentences and they do not directly support batched computation. We address these issues by introducing the Stack-augmented Parser-Interpreter Neural Network (SPINN), which combines parsing and interpretation within a single tree-sequence hybrid model by integrating tree-structured sentence interpretation into the linear sequential structure of a shift-reduce parser. Our model supports batched computation for a speedup of up to 25 times over other tree-structured models, and its integrated parser can operate on unparsed data with little loss in accuracy. We evaluate it on the Stanford NLI entailment task and show that it significantly outperforms other sentence-encoding models.

Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 19 Mar 2016.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 11; 2022: 10; 2023: 8; 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

34 papers.

Sort:

  1. 2021Q2: Evaluating Factual Consistency in Knowledge-Grounded Dialogues via Question Generation and Question Answeringcited by 131
  2. 2022Transformer Grammars: Augmenting Transformer Language Models with Syntactic Inductive Biases at Scalecited by 40
  3. 2021Interpreting Deep Learning Models in Natural Language Processing: A Reviewcited by 19
  4. 2022Improving Semantic Matching through Dependency-Enhanced Pre-trained Model with Adaptive Fusioncited by 18
  5. 2023Pushdown Layers: Encoding Recursive Structure in Transformer Language Modelscited by 18
  6. 2021Learning Hierarchical Structures with Differentiable Nondeterministic Stackscited by 16
  7. 2021Modeling Hierarchical Structures with Continuous Recursive Neural Networkscited by 15
  8. 2021CHEF: Cross-modal Hierarchical Embeddings for Food Domain Retrievalcited by 7
  9. 2023Neural Machine Translation for Mathematical Formulaecited by 7
  10. 2023Beam Tree Recursive Cellscited by 6
  11. 2023BYOC: Personalized Few-Shot Classification with Co-Authored Class Descriptionscited by 5
  12. 2023Recursion in Recursion: Two-Level Nested Recursion for Length Generalization with Scalabilitycited by 5
22 more
  1. 2024What makes Models Compositional? A Theoretical View: With Supplementcited by 5
  2. 2022Sequence Learning Using Equilibrium Propagationcited by 4
  3. 2023Efficient Beam Tree Recursioncited by 4
  4. 2022Learning with Latent Structures in Natural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 2
  5. 2025MS-SSM: A Multi-Scale State Space Model for Efficient Sequence Modelingcited by 2
  6. 2021Unsupervised Learning of Explainable Parse Trees for Improved Generalisationcited by 1
  7. 2021SINGA-Easy: An Easy-to-Use Framework for MultiModal Analysiscited by 0
  8. 2021VisualTextRank: Unsupervised Graph-based Content Extraction for Automating Ad Text to Image Searchcited by 0
  9. 2021Contextualized Embeddings based Convolutional Neural Networks for Duplicate Question Identificationcited by 0
  10. 2021Text is NOT Enough: Integrating Visual Impressions into Open-domain Dialogue Generationcited by 0
  11. 2021FastTrees: Parallel Latent Tree-Induction for Faster Sequence Encodingcited by 0
  12. 2022Discovering Personalized Semantics for Soft Attributes in Recommender Systems using Concept Activation Vectorscited by 0
  13. 2022Reinforced MOOCs Concept Recommendation in Heterogeneous Information Networkscited by 0
  14. 2022Explanation-Guided Fairness Testing through Genetic Algorithmcited by 0
  15. 2022Syntactic Inductive Biases for Deep Learning Methodscited by 0
  16. 2022Using Graph Neural Networks for Program Terminationcited by 0
  17. 2022Neural Transition-based Parsing of Library Deprecationscited by 0
  18. 2023Ordered Memory Baselinescited by 0
  19. 2023Tribe or Not? Critical Inspection of Group Differences Using TribalGramcited by 0
  20. 2025Using External knowledge to Enhanced PLM for Semantic Matchingcited by 0
  21. 2025Understanding Syntactic Generalization in Structure-inducing Language Modelscited by 0
  22. 2026Explaining Black-Box Language Models: Learning to Optimize Linguistically-Structured Word Subsetscited by 0