Measuring Word Significance using Distributed Representations of Words
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Abstract (arXiv)
Distributed representations of words as real-valued vectors in a relatively low-dimensional space aim at extracting syntactic and semantic features from large text corpora. A recently introduced neural network, named word2vec (Mikolov et al., 2013a; Mikolov et al., 2013b), was shown to encode semantic information in the direction of the word vectors. In this brief report, it is proposed to use the length of the vectors, together with the term frequency, as measure of word significance in a corpus. Experimental evidence using a domain-specific corpus of abstracts is presented to support this proposal. A useful visualization technique for text corpora emerges, where words are mapped onto a two-dimensional plane and automatically ranked by significance.
Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Aug 2015.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 4; 2023: 2; 2024: 6; 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
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- 2021CLIP2StyleGAN: Unsupervised Extraction of StyleGAN Edit Directionscited by 78
- 2021Incorporating Residual and Normalization Layers into Analysis of Masked Language Modelscited by 51
- 2022A Simple Hash-Based Early Exiting Approach For Language Understanding and Generationcited by 32
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- 2023CMOT: Cross-modal Mixup via Optimal Transport for Speech Translationcited by 22
- 2022Norm of Word Embedding Encodes Information Gaincited by 21
- 2024Revisiting Cosine Similarity via Normalized ICA-transformed Embeddingscited by 5
- 2021Revisiting Additive Compositionality: AND, OR and NOT Operations with Word Embeddingscited by 4
- 2022Improving Zero-Shot Multilingual Translation with Universal Representations and Cross-Mappingscited by 4
- 2024Importance-Aware Data Augmentation for Document-Level Neural Machine Translationcited by 4
- 2021Monitoring geometrical properties of word embeddings for detecting the emergence of new topicscited by 3
- 2022Probing with Noise: Unpicking the Warp and Weft of Embeddingscited by 3
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- 2024Zipfian Whiteningcited by 3
- 2023Assessing Word Importance Using Models Trained for Semantic Taskscited by 2
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- 2024Norm of Mean Contextualized Embeddings Determines their Variancecited by 1
- 2025Geometry-Guided Adversarial Prompt Detection via Curvature and Local Intrinsic Dimensioncited by 1
- 2024Learning Word Embedding with Better Distance Weighting and Window Size Schedulingcited by 0
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- 2026N-GRPO: Embedding-Level Neighbor Mixing for Enhanced Policy Optimization9 Jun 2026
- 2026Language on Demand, Knowledge at Core: Composing LLMs with Encoder-Decoder Translation Models for Extensible Multilinguality18 Mar 2026
- 2026LIDS: LLM Summary Inference Under the Layered Lens18 Feb 2026
- 2025Geometry-Guided Adversarial Prompt Detection via Curvature and Local Intrinsic Dimension5 Mar 2025
- 2024Zipfian Whitening1 Nov 2024
- 2024Norm of Mean Contextualized Embeddings Determines their Variance17 Sep 2024
- 2024In Tree Structure Should Sentence Be Generated20 Jun 2024
- 2024Revisiting Cosine Similarity via Normalized ICA-transformed Embeddings16 Jun 2024
- 2024Learning Word Embedding with Better Distance Weighting and Window Size Scheduling23 Apr 2024
- 2024Importance-Aware Data Augmentation for Document-Level Neural Machine Translation27 Jan 2024
- 2023Assessing Word Importance Using Models Trained for Semantic Tasks31 May 2023
- 2023CMOT: Cross-modal Mixup via Optimal Transport for Speech Translation24 May 2023
9 more
- 2022Norm of Word Embedding Encodes Information Gain19 Dec 2022
- 2022Improving Zero-Shot Multilingual Translation with Universal Representations and Cross-Mappings28 Oct 2022
- 2022Probing with Noise: Unpicking the Warp and Weft of Embeddings21 Oct 2022
- 2022A Simple Hash-Based Early Exiting Approach For Language Understanding and Generation3 Mar 2022
- 2021CLIP2StyleGAN: Unsupervised Extraction of StyleGAN Edit Directions9 Dec 2021
- 2021Monitoring geometrical properties of word embeddings for detecting the emergence of new topics5 Nov 2021
- 2021Incorporating Residual and Normalization Layers into Analysis of Masked Language Models15 Sep 2021
- 2021Variational Graph Normalized Auto-Encoders18 Aug 2021
- 2021Revisiting Additive Compositionality: AND, OR and NOT Operations with Word Embeddings18 May 2021
- 2021CLIP2StyleGAN: Unsupervised Extraction of StyleGAN Edit Directionscited by 78
- 2021Incorporating Residual and Normalization Layers into Analysis of Masked Language Modelscited by 51
- 2021Variational Graph Normalized Auto-Encoderscited by 29
- 2023CMOT: Cross-modal Mixup via Optimal Transport for Speech Translationcited by 22
- 2022Norm of Word Embedding Encodes Information Gaincited by 21
- 2024Revisiting Cosine Similarity via Normalized ICA-transformed Embeddingscited by 5
- 2021Revisiting Additive Compositionality: AND, OR and NOT Operations with Word Embeddingscited by 4
- 2022Improving Zero-Shot Multilingual Translation with Universal Representations and Cross-Mappingscited by 4
- 2024Importance-Aware Data Augmentation for Document-Level Neural Machine Translationcited by 4
- 2021Monitoring geometrical properties of word embeddings for detecting the emergence of new topicscited by 3
- 2022Probing with Noise: Unpicking the Warp and Weft of Embeddingscited by 3
- 2024Zipfian Whiteningcited by 3
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2026Language on Demand, Knowledge at Core: Composing LLMs with Encoder-Decoder Translation Models for Extensible Multilinguality18 Mar 2026
- 2026LIDS: LLM Summary Inference Under the Layered Lens18 Feb 2026
- 2024Zipfian Whitening1 Nov 2024
- 2024Norm of Mean Contextualized Embeddings Determines their Variance17 Sep 2024
- 2024In Tree Structure Should Sentence Be Generated20 Jun 2024
- 2024Revisiting Cosine Similarity via Normalized ICA-transformed Embeddings16 Jun 2024
- 2024Learning Word Embedding with Better Distance Weighting and Window Size Scheduling23 Apr 2024
- 2024Importance-Aware Data Augmentation for Document-Level Neural Machine Translation27 Jan 2024
- 2023Assessing Word Importance Using Models Trained for Semantic Tasks31 May 2023
- 2023CMOT: Cross-modal Mixup via Optimal Transport for Speech Translation24 May 2023
- 2022Norm of Word Embedding Encodes Information Gain19 Dec 2022
- 2022Improving Zero-Shot Multilingual Translation with Universal Representations and Cross-Mappings28 Oct 2022
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)