mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Ridge Regression, Hubness, and Zero-Shot Learning

arXiv 1507.00825 ↗First posted 3 Jul 2015cs.LG stat.MLcited by 44

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper discusses the effect of hubness in zero-shot learning, when ridge regression is used to find a mapping between the example space to the label space. Contrary to the existing approach, which attempts to find a mapping from the example space to the label space, we show that mapping labels into the example space is desirable to suppress the emergence of hubs in the subsequent nearest neighbor search step. Assuming a simple data model, we prove that the proposed approach indeed reduces hubness. This was verified empirically on the tasks of bilingual lexicon extraction and image labeling: hubness was reduced with both of these tasks and the accuracy was improved accordingly.

Key facts. Cited by 44 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Jul 2015.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 25; 2022: 9; 2023: 4; 2024: 4; 2025: 0; 2026: 2.

44 papers.

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  1. 2021Cross Modal Retrieval with Querybank Normalisationcited by 71
  2. 2021Generative Zero-Shot Learning for Semantic Segmentation of 3D Point Cloudscited by 55
  3. 2021Knowledge-aware Zero-Shot Learning: Survey and Perspectivecited by 41
  4. 2021Zero-Shot Learning on 3D Point Cloud Objects and Beyondcited by 38
  5. 2023Semantic Prompt for Few-Shot Image Recognitioncited by 29
  6. 2021Semantics-Guided Contrastive Network for Zero-Shot Object detectioncited by 26
  7. 2021Dual Progressive Prototype Network for Generalized Zero-Shot Learningcited by 26
  8. 2022Towards Unbiased Multi-label Zero-Shot Learning with Pyramid and Semantic Attentioncited by 21
  9. 2021Fine-Grained Zero-Shot Learning with DNA as Side Informationcited by 20
  10. 2021Learning Robust Visual-semantic Mapping for Zero-shot Learningcited by 16
  11. 2022Cross-modal Representation Learning for Zero-shot Action Recognitioncited by 15
  12. 2021CLASTER: Clustering with Reinforcement Learning for Zero-Shot Action Recognitioncited by 12
32 more
  1. 2021Disentangling Semantic-to-visual Confusion for Zero-shot Learningcited by 11
  2. 2023Hubs and Hyperspheres: Reducing Hubness and Improving Transductive Few-shot Learning with Hyperspherical Embeddingscited by 11
  3. 2021What Can Knowledge Bring to Machine Learning? -- A Survey of Low-shot Learning for Structured Datacited by 10
  4. 2022Zero-shot point cloud segmentation by transferring geometric primitivescited by 9
  5. 2021Attribute-Modulated Generative Meta Learning for Zero-Shot Classificationcited by 8
  6. 2022Boosting Zero-shot Learning via Contrastive Optimization of Attribute Representationscited by 8
  7. 2023GBE-MLZSL: A Group Bi-Enhancement Framework for Multi-Label Zero-Shot Learningcited by 8
  8. 2024Data-Free Generalized Zero-Shot Learningcited by 8
  9. 2021Prototype Completion for Few-Shot Learningcited by 7
  10. 2021CIZSL++: Creativity Inspired Generative Zero-Shot Learningcited by 6
  11. 2021Benchmarking Knowledge-driven Zero-shot Learningcited by 6
  12. 2021Region Semantically Aligned Network for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 6
  13. 2021Context-Conditional Adaptation for Recognizing Unseen Classes in Unseen Domainscited by 5
  14. 2021Implicit and Explicit Attention for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 5
  15. 2021Rethink, Revisit, Revise: A Spiral Reinforced Self-Revised Network for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 5
  16. 2021An Entropy-guided Reinforced Partial Convolutional Network for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 4
  17. 2022Diversity-boosted Generalization-Specialization Balancing for Zero-shot Learningcited by 4
  18. 2024Improving deep learning with prior knowledge and cognitive models: A survey on enhancing explainability, adversarial robustness and zero-shot learningcited by 4
  19. 2021Task-Independent Knowledge Makes for Transferable Representations for Generalized Zero-Shot Learningcited by 3
  20. 2023Vocabulary-informed Zero-shot and Open-set Learningcited by 3
  21. 2022Learning Semantic Ambiguities for Zero-Shot Learningcited by 2
  22. 2022Prompt-guided Scene Generation for 3D Zero-Shot Learningcited by 2
  23. 2022Resolving Semantic Confusions for Improved Zero-Shot Detectioncited by 2
  24. 2026SATTC: Structure-Aware Label-Free Test-Time Calibration for Cross-Subject EEG-to-Image Retrievalcited by 2
  25. 2021Zero-shot Learning with Deep Neural Networks for Object Recognitioncited by 1
  26. 2024Target inductive methods for zero-shot regressioncited by 1
  27. 2021Class Knowledge Overlay to Visual Feature Learning for Zero-Shot Image Classificationcited by 0
  28. 2021Zero-Shot Learning Based on Knowledge Sharingcited by 0
  29. 2021Prototypical Model with Novel Information-theoretic Loss Function for Generalized Zero Shot Learningcited by 0
  30. 2022Recognition of Unseen Bird Species by Learning from Field Guidescited by 0
  31. 2024Direct side information learning for zero-shot regressioncited by 0
  32. 2026CAST: Closed-form Analytic Semantic Transfer for Zero-Shot Classifier Extensioncited by 0