mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Batched Speech Decisions Without Decoding: Single-Token Supervision Lets a Frozen LLM Hear Beyond the Transcript

arXiv 2610.02638 ↗First posted 2 Oct 2026cs.AIcited by 0

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Full-duplex voice agents make many small, closed decisions, which current systems answer by slow autoregressive decoding. We propose DuplexJev, which feeds ASR-encoder hidden states through a small connector into a frozen LLM and reads each question as a single-token distribution over its options. Nothing is decoded, and an 8-GPU node answers 80 decisions about eight utterances in about 0.1 s. With a last-layer connector, spoken QA stays close to reading the transcript (90% vs. 91%). DuplexJev also hears the speaker: gender and emotion accuracy both reach 90% (from 55% and 28%) with a cross-attention connector, whose spoken QA drops by only 1 point (83% to 82%). We train decisions with cross-entropy on the read-out answer token, instead of the usual transcript distillation, whose teacher never hears the voice, and keep distillation for content. Encoders and LLMs are interchangeable; we release weights, training recipe, a batched-inference pipeline for full-duplex serving and a bilingual spoken-QA set.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Oct 2026.

Builds on

18 of 24 references.

References · 18

  1. 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,324
  2. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
  3. 2023Efficient Memory Management for Large Language Model Serving with PagedAttentioncited by 5,944
  4. 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 4,057
  5. 2019Common Voice: A Massively-Multilingual Speech Corpuscited by 1,384
  6. 2023Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Modelscited by 608
  7. 2024Moshi: a speech-text foundation model for real-time dialoguecited by 568
  8. 2023SALMONN: Towards Generic Hearing Abilities for Large Language Modelscited by 506
  9. 2017AISHELL-1: An Open-Source Mandarin Speech Corpus and A Speech Recognition Baselinecited by 373
  10. 2021WenetSpeech: A 10000+ Hours Multi-domain Mandarin Corpus for Speech Recognitioncited by 197
  11. 2022Generative Spoken Dialogue Language Modelingcited by 126
  12. 2020Seen and Unseen emotional style transfer for voice conversion with a new emotional speech datasetcited by 121
6 more
  1. 2026Qwen3-ASR Technical Reportcited by 118
  2. 2024Beyond Turn-Based Interfaces: Synchronous LLMs as Full-Duplex Dialogue Agentscited by 72
  3. 2024DeSTA2: Developing Instruction-Following Speech Language Model Without Speech Instruction-Tuning Datacited by 45
  4. 2025VoxCPM: Tokenizer-Free TTS for Context-Aware Speech Generation and True-to-Life Voice Cloningcited by 42
  5. 2024Distilling an End-to-End Voice Assistant Without Instruction Training Datacited by 39
  6. 2025Easy Turn: Integrating Acoustic and Linguistic Modalities for Robust Turn-Taking in Full-Duplex Spoken Dialogue Systemscited by 13

Built on by

Not cited yet.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025SALMONN-omni: A Standalone Speech LLM without Codec Injection for Full-duplex Conversation
  2. 2026Full-Duplex-Bench-v3: Benchmarking Tool Use for Full-Duplex Voice Agents Under Real-World Disfluency
  3. 2026SPAR-K: Scheduled Periodic Alternating Early Exit for Spoken Language Models
  4. 2026BayLing-Duplex: Native Full-Duplex Speech Dialogue with a Single Autoregressive LLM
  5. 2026Stride-k Subsampling: Train-Free Audio Token Reduction for Whisper
  6. 2026A frontend-backend architecture for tool calls in full-duplex speech models
  7. 2026Full-duplex Spoken Language Modeling with Discrete Diffusion
  8. 2025Training and Inference Efficiency of Encoder-Decoder Speech Models