mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

AgentTell: Behavioural Side-Channel Leakage in Browser-Use Agents

arXiv 2609.32915 ↗First posted 26 Sep 2026cs.CR cs.AIcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Browser-use agents often carry information in their context as they move between websites. While it may be necessary for task completion, it also creates a privacy risk, especially when the information contains a private fact regarding the user. For example, an agent may learn a user's affiliation after reading a membership record. If it later selects a registration option specific to that affiliation on another website instead of a general option, the information gets leaked. In this work, we define and study behavioural side-channel leakage in browser-use agents, where an agent's actions inadvertently reveal private information (secret) retained from a prior website, despite an explicit instruction not to disclose it. We introduce AgentTell, a benchmark of 20 scenarios and 100 tasks in which an agent acquires a secret on one website and then completes a task on another website that offers secret-specific actions alongside a general action that reveals nothing. Our evaluation across 9,760 sessions on six backbones shows that agents carrying a secret reveal it through their actions in 61.1% of sessions. Even when agents explicitly state in memory that the secret must not be shared, they still reveal it in 56.7% of those sessions. Moreover, in 34.5% of leaking sessions, their final responses falsely assure users that the secret was not disclosed. These findings show that agents often fail to recognize side-channel leakage as a privacy risk.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 92 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Sep 2026.

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References · 34

  1. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
  2. 2023Not what you've signed up for: Compromising Real-World LLM-Integrated Applications with Indirect Prompt Injectioncited by 1,443
  3. 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,251
  4. 2023Mind2Web: Towards a Generalist Agent for the Webcited by 1,242
  5. 2022Ignore Previous Prompt: Attack Techniques For Language Modelscited by 832
  6. 2024GPT-4V(ision) is a Generalist Web Agent, if Groundedcited by 563
  7. 2024InjecAgent: Benchmarking Indirect Prompt Injections in Tool-Integrated Large Language Model Agentscited by 538
  8. 2024The Instruction Hierarchy: Training LLMs to Prioritize Privileged Instructionscited by 493
  9. 2024WebVoyager: Building an End-to-End Web Agent with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 438
  10. 2024StruQ: Defending Against Prompt Injection with Structured Queriescited by 375
  11. 2024Agent Security Bench (ASB): Formalizing and Benchmarking Attacks and Defenses in LLM-based Agentscited by 369
  12. 2023Formalizing and Benchmarking Prompt Injection Attacks and Defensescited by 364
22 more
  1. 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?cited by 363
  2. 2025Defeating Prompt Injections by Designcited by 297
  3. 2023Benchmarking and Defending Against Indirect Prompt Injection Attacks on Large Language Modelscited by 264
  4. 2023Can LLMs Keep a Secret? Testing Privacy Implications of Language Models via Contextual Integrity Theorycited by 230
  5. 2024PrivacyLens: Evaluating Privacy Norm Awareness of Language Models in Actioncited by 171
  6. 2024The BrowserGym Ecosystem for Web Agent Researchcited by 161
  7. 2025WASP: Benchmarking Web Agent Security Against Prompt Injection Attackscited by 157
  8. 2024EIA: Environmental Injection Attack on Generalist Web Agents for Privacy Leakagecited by 150
  9. 2024ST-WebAgentBench: A Benchmark for Evaluating Safety and Trustworthiness in Web Agentscited by 133
  10. 2024Dissecting Adversarial Robustness of Multimodal LM Agentscited by 120
  11. 2024Attacking Vision-Language Computer Agents via Pop-upscited by 116
  12. 2024AirGapAgent: Protecting Privacy-Conscious Conversational Agentscited by 94
  13. 2025AgentDAM: Privacy Leakage Evaluation for Autonomous Web Agentscited by 82
  14. 2024AdvAgent: Controllable Blackbox Red-teaming on Web Agentscited by 59
  15. 2024WIPI: A New Web Threat for LLM-Driven Web Agentscited by 51
  16. 2024CI-Bench: Benchmarking Contextual Integrity of AI Assistants on Synthetic Datacited by 37
  17. 2025DECEPTICON: How Dark Patterns Manipulate Web Agentscited by 15
  18. 2013Crowd-assisted Search for Price Discrimination in E-Commerce: First resultscited by 6
  19. 2025Network-Level Prompt and Trait Leakage in Local Research Agentscited by 5
  20. 2025Privacy Practices of Browser Agentscited by 3
  21. 2019Cross-Origin State Inference (COSI) Attacks: Leaking Web Site States through XS-Leakscited by 1
  22. 2026Same-Origin Policy for Agentic Browserscited by 1

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