Choir: An Open Protocol for Distributed Multi-Agent Autoformalization
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents also fits: General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
AI agents can now formalize entire textbooks and major theorems in proof assistants such as Lean, but current efforts are typically centralized: a single team runs all agents and bears the full computational cost. We introduce Choir, an open protocol for distributed formalization. Choir decomposes a project into tasks that can be completed by independent contributors, each running their own agent with their own LLM subscription, while coordinating entirely through the project's GitHub repository. To support open participation, every contribution is checked by a deterministic gate before merge. Choir supports Lean 4, Isabelle, and Rocq, and is open source and modular, allowing projects to replace individual components or extend the protocol.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 15 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Sep 2026.
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15 of 29 references.
References · 15
- 2019The Lean mathematical librarycited by 127
- 2026Automated Conjecture Resolution with Formal Verificationcited by 21
- 2026130k Lines of Formal Topology in Two Weeks: Simple and Cheap Autoformalization for Everyone?cited by 16
- 2026M2F: Automated Formalization of Mathematical Literature at Scalecited by 12
- 2026LeanMarathon: Toward Reliable AI Co-Mathematicians through Long-Horizon Lean Autoformalizationcited by 11
- 2025The Equational Theories Project: Advancing Collaborative Mathematical Research at Scalecited by 8
- 2026MerLean: An Agentic Framework for Autoformalization in Quantum Computationcited by 8
- 2026Progress in Formalizing Sphere Packing in Dimension 8cited by 6
- 2026Beyond the Library: An Agentic Framework for Autoformalizing Research Mathematicscited by 4
- 2026Formalizing Numerical Analysis: An Agent Pipeline and Quality Audit Beyond Kernel Acceptancecited by 3
- 2026Agent Hunt: Bounty Based Collaborative Autoformalization With LLM Agentscited by 2
- 2026Multi-agent Autoformalization of Tensor Network Theorycited by 2
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- 2025Open Agent Specification (Agent Spec): A Unified Representation for AI Agents
- 2026Lean4Agent: Formal Modeling and Verification for Agent Workflow and Trajectory
- 2026Verus-SpecGym: An Agentic Environment for Evaluating Specification Autoformalization
- 2025Prover Agent: An Agent-Based Framework for Formal Mathematical Proofs
- 2026AIProver: Agentic Auto-Formalization of Mathematical Research via Certificate-Driven Evolving Harness