mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Two Emojis of Difference: What Multilingual Affective Generation Benchmarks Actually Measure

arXiv 2609.29445 ↗First posted 24 Sep 2026cs.CLcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

We audit a multilingual affective generation benchmark eight instruction-tuned LLMs producing emoji summaries for 17,100 Bangla, English and Hindi sentences, with 6,960 human judgements and find its headline conclusions to be artefacts of the measurement instrument rather than properties of the systems. Treating annotators as a random rather than a fixed factor, no system differs significantly from any other (F(7,14)=0.59, p=0.76), although the conventional analysis declares 19 of 28 pairwise differences significant. Annotator identity explains far more rating variance than system identity, and the winning system changes whenever any single annotator is removed. The ordering that does emerge tracks output length: mean emoji count explains 78.7% of between-system variance, and a within-item length-matched comparison over 2,599 pairs reverses the leaderboard. We further show that cross-provider anisotropy differences vanish under mean-centring, that per-language token costs change sign with the normalising unit, and that multi-view row-wise splits inflate macro-F1 by 3.1 points and change the top-ranked system. In place of preference scoring we propose **emoji-affect decodability**, a reference-based probe whose rankings are stable to ±0.003 macro-F1 across seeds.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Sep 2026.

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References · 15

  1. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
  2. 2021SimCSE: Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddingscited by 2,173
  3. 2024Length-Controlled AlpacaEval: A Simple Way to Debias Automatic Evaluatorscited by 897
  4. 2019How Contextual are Contextualized Word Representations? Comparing the Geometry of BERT, ELMo, and GPT-2 Embeddingscited by 784
  5. 2020Language-agnostic BERT Sentence Embeddingcited by 627
  6. 2018Massively Multilingual Sentence Embeddings for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer and Beyondcited by 434
  7. 2023NLP Evaluation in trouble: On the Need to Measure LLM Data Contamination for each Benchmarkcited by 348
  8. 2023A Long Way to Go: Investigating Length Correlations in RLHFcited by 291
  9. 2021All That's 'Human' Is Not Gold: Evaluating Human Evaluation of Generated Textcited by 287
  10. 2020Tangled up in BLEU: Reevaluating the Evaluation of Automatic Machine Translation Evaluation Metricscited by 158
  11. 2020With Little Power Comes Great Responsibilitycited by 142
  12. 2021IsoScore: Measuring the Uniformity of Embedding Space Utilizationcited by 53
3 more
  1. 2015Sentiment of Emojiscited by 32
  2. 2021Emotion Classification in a Resource Constrained Language Using Transformer-based Approachcited by 7
  3. 2024EmoMix-3L: A Code-Mixed Dataset for Bangla-English-Hindi Emotion Detectioncited by 2

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