mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Control the Harness, Control the Cost: Routing and Governing AI Coding Agents in the Enterprise

arXiv 2609.28919 ↗First posted 24 Sep 2026cs.AI cs.CRcited by 1

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents also fits: General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

Harnesses, the products that run AI coding agents, are multiplying, and enterprises are rolling them out to their employees. What started as pilots with a few hundred seats is now scaling to tens of thousands. Enterprises rarely build these harnesses and usually adopt the ones model vendors bundle with their seats and APIs, such as Anthropic's Claude Code or OpenAI's Codex. A harness decides which model answers, what the model reads, how the prompt cache is used and which subagents run, so it picks the rate on the price sheet and sets the volume bought at it. Enterprises that keep a proprietary or untuned harness at its defaults inherit these choices and their bill. We build a fast, customisable router in which Jev, a classifier with calibrated probabilities, labels every prompt against a bring-your-own taxonomy of agentic requests. One user turn is many requests over a prompt cache that belongs to one model, so the router moves work only where no running conversation has to rebuild its cache. It routes at session start, in side lanes and at subagent launch. From the price sheet we derive when a mid-task switch pays back. We also find a crossover, in which the highest-priced model costs less than the next tier on long tool-heavy sessions, and repricing about 10,000 real sessions from public datasets confirms it. In an emulated enterprise of 10,000 seats with user behaviour taken from these datasets, the router recovers 13 to 21% of model spend at Anthropic's list prices of 21 September 2026, 3.3M to 5.1M a year. The paper also maps the risks across twenty-one harnesses, prices the dependence on one vendor's models, and proposes a control plane that enterprises can run from within, starting now, with a ladder for deciding later whether to own the harness.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 17 of its 81 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Sep 2026.

Builds on

17 of 81 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026Do Context Files Help Coding Agents? A Two-Agent Ablation Study on Real Repositories28 Jul
  2. 2026Reasoning effort, not tool access, buys first-try reliability in agentic code generation: an observational study2 Jul
  3. 2026TraceLab: Characterizing Coding Agent Workloads for LLM Serving29 Jun
  4. 2026AgentServeSim: Serving-System Simulation and Policy Search for LLM Agent Programs8 Jun
  5. 2026SWE-chat: Coding Agent Interactions From Real Users in the Wild22 Apr
  6. 2026Don't Break the Cache: An Evaluation of Prompt Caching for Long-Horizon Agentic Tasks9 Jan

Other references · 11

  1. 2023FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performancecited by 791
  2. 2024RouteLLM: Learning to Route LLMs with Preference Datacited by 633
  3. 2025Measuring the Impact of Early-2025 AI on Experienced Open-Source Developer Productivitycited by 93
  4. 2026LLMRouterBench: A Massive Benchmark and Unified Framework for LLM Routingcited by 35
  5. 2025Anthropic Economic Index report: Uneven geographic and enterprise AI adoptioncited by 23
  6. 2026When Routing Collapses: On the Degenerate Convergence of LLM Routerscited by 10
  7. 2025Arch-Router: Aligning LLM Routing with Human Preferencescited by 9
  8. 2026Dream-RSI: Recursive Self-Improvement through Evolving Worldscited by 9
  9. 2026UCCI: Calibrated Uncertainty for Cost-Optimal LLM Cascade Routingcited by 4
  10. 2026RRSI: Regularized Recursive Self-Improvement of Agent Harnessescited by 3
  11. 2026SeqRoute: Global Budget-Aware Sequential LLM Routing via Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026The Harness Effect: How Orchestration Design Sets the Token Economics of Enterprise Agentic AI
  2. 2026Harness Handbook: Making Evolving Agent Harnesses Readable,Navigable, and Editable
  3. 2026Distributing Security Controls Through Harness Engineering
  4. 2026Finding the Right Fit: Model-Harness Interactions across Agent Tasks
  5. 2026Dissecting model behavior through agent trajectories
  6. 2026How Do Agent Harnesses Create Value? Planning Information and Release Control in Stateful LLM Agents
  7. 2026Prompt-Induced Waste in Coding Agents: Reasoning, Effort, Harness Design, and End-to-End Cost
  8. 2026Co-Evolving Harnesses and Models: On-Policy Correction Helps Weaker Models Catch Up Where Imitation Fails