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Reply to comments arXiv:2512.07881 and arXiv:2601.06104 on quantum structure in human and AI-generated language

arXiv 2609.25797 ↗First posted 22 Sep 2026cs.CLcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

We reply to the comments by M. Sienicki and K. Sienicki (arXiv:2512.07881) and by K. Sienicki (arXiv:2601.06104) on our work on quantum-mechanical statistics in human language (arXiv:2407.14924) and on quantum structure in AI-generated language (arXiv:2511.21731). We thank the authors for their careful reading and address what we consider to be the main points of criticism: the exploratory nature of the protocol used in the experiments with large language models; the role of marginal-law violations, and of the Contextuality-by-Default criterion, in the identification of entanglement; the limited diagnostic value of a Bose-Einstein fit taken in isolation; the meaning of assigning the lowest energy levels to the most frequent words; and the relation between the vector spaces used by LLMs and quantum state spaces. We also correct a typographical error in Table 3 of arXiv:2511.21731, which does not affect the reported CHSH value.

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References · 9

  1. 2019Quantum Structure in Cognition: Human Language as a Boson Gas of Entangled Wordscited by 9
  2. 2017Towards a Quantum World Wide Webcited by 6
  3. 2019Quantum entanglement in physical and cognitive systems: a conceptual analysis and a general representationcited by 6
  4. 2017Spin and Wind Directions II: A Bell State Quantum Modelcited by 5
  5. 2015On Contextuality in Behavioral Datacited by 4
  6. 2025Identifying Quantum Structure in AI Language: Evidence for Evolutionary Convergence of Human and Artificial Cognitioncited by 3
  7. 2024The Origin of Quantum Mechanical Statistics: Some Insights from the Research on Human Languagecited by 2
  8. 2025Revised comment on the paper titled "The Origin of Quantum Mechanical Statistics: Insights from Research on Human Languagecited by 1
  9. 2026Comment on arXiv:2511.21731v1: Identifying Quantum Structure in AI Language: Evidence for Evolutionary Convergence of Human and Artificial Cognitioncited by 1

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