A Behavioral Trait Leaks into Preferences: Diagnosing Trait Interference in LLM User Simulators
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Abstract (arXiv)
LLM-based user simulators aim to bridge the offline-online gap in recommender evaluation by emulating users through injected traits, where preference attributes determine what a user engages with and a behavioral activity trait governs how long they browse. However, we show this intended trait independence collapses during simulation, causing two failures: (i) Trait Interference, where amplified activity distorts preference boundaries and forces interactions with mismatched items to sustain browsing, and (ii) Evaluation Invalidity, where satisfaction scores inflate with activity-driven page counts despite taste mismatches, biasing evaluation toward trait distributions rather than recommender performance. To resolve this, we propose PQA, a page-level quality anchoring method that guides simulators using a personalized anchor reflecting each user's intrinsic preference standard. By assessing whether a page meets this standard before further browsing, PQA enables proactive exits from low-quality pages, letting the activity trait retain its intended role of modulating browsing depth within preference-conforming pages. Experiments show PQA mitigates trait interference and improves the reliability of LLM-based simulator evaluation under activity shifts. Our code is available at https://github.com/chaehyun1/PQA
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References · 13
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- 2025PUB: An LLM-Enhanced Personality-Driven User Behaviour Simulator for Recommender System Evaluationcited by 12
- 2025Lost in Sequence: Do Large Language Models Understand Sequential Recommendation?cited by 8
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- 2026Inverse Theory of Mind Modeling for Content Recommendation: From Web Browsing to Dynamic Intelligent Interfaces
- 2026Toward User Preference Alignment in LLM Recommendation via Explicit Context Feedback
- 2026From Prompting to Behavioral Alignment: Personalized LLM Judges for Recommendation Evaluation
- 2025RecUserSim: A Realistic and Diverse User Simulator for Evaluating Conversational Recommender Systems