The AI Neuroscientist: An Interactive Agentic Interface for Neuroimaging Analysis
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Medical and scientific domain agents
Abstract (arXiv)
Analyzing neuroimaging data requires specialized coding and statistical expertise, which limits accessibility for researchers without computational backgrounds. We present the AI Neuroscientist, a language agent for interactive data exploration. The system integrates a large language model (LLM) with a neuroimaging toolset to perform quality control, modeling, and visualization. This allows researchers to query data quality and specify analysis parameters directly in natural language, providing a transparent and interactive alternative to conventional scripted pipelines for small-scale data exploration. We demonstrate these capabilities using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data, and evaluate the agent on a custom fNIRS benchmarking suite against general-purpose LLM agents with code sandboxes. Future extensions will generalize the architecture to additional modalities, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, and expand the benchmarking suite to additional fNIRS tasks.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical and scientific domain agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 3 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Sep 2026.
Builds on
3 of 23 references.
References · 3
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,695
- 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,182
- 2023ChemCrow: Augmenting large-language models with chemistry toolscited by 631
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- 2026NeuroAgent: LLM Agents for Multimodal Neuroimaging Analysis and Research
- 2026Bringing analytic rigor to agentic AI for science: The Brain Researcher platform for neuroimaging data analysis
- 2026Towards a Virtual Neuroscientist: Autonomous Neuroimaging Analysis via Multi-Agent Collaboration
- 2026NeuroClaw Technical Report
- 2026NS-Copilot: An LLM-Driven Agent System for Autonomous Neuroscience Analysis
- 2026NeuroPilot: An Agent-Driven Smart Pipeline for Processing, Quality Control, and Managing Neuroimages
- 2026BrainAgent: A Large Language Model-Driven Multi-Agent Framework for Autonomous Brain Signal Understanding
- 2026Neurodata Without Boredom: Benchmarking Agentic AI for Data Reuse