Incentive Noise and Structural Prior Infusion for Multi-modal Object Re-Identification

Multi-modal object Re-Identification (ReID) benefits from complementary information across heterogeneous imaging modalities. To further enrich semantic representation, text descriptions have recently been incorporated as an additional modality. However, recent vision-language approaches often treat text descriptions as clean, deterministic signals and overlook their inherent noise, including modality-mismatched phrases and semantically ambiguous expressions. Moreover, prevailing methods lack explicit mechanisms to reconcile fine-grained structural discrepancies between modalities, even after high-level semantic alignment. To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework centered on Positive-Incentive Noise (π-noise) and structured prompt modulation. First, the Semantic Cross-Modal Modulator harnesses task-aware π-noise, sampled from a distribution conditioned on both visual and text inputs, to perturb global tokens and enable semantics-guided cross-modal compensation. Second, the Structure-Aware Prompt Adapter injects learnable geometric priors via prompts to enhance spatial consistency. Third, the Context-Aware Sparse Fusion module distills structural context to guide adaptive fusion while shielding identity features from noisy local details. Experiments on three multi-modal ReID benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our approach. The code is available at https://github.com/zw-absin/INSPI.