VT-Bridge: Bridging Pretrained Foundation VLAs to VTLAs via Lightweight Residual Adaptation

Vision-Tactile-Language-Action (VTLA) models have demonstrated clear advantages over Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models in contact-rich manipulation. However, developing VTLA models is severely constrained by the massive amounts of vision-tactile data and computational resources required. To address this bottleneck, we propose VT-Bridge, a lightweight residual adaptation strategy that bridges pretrained foundation VLAs to VTLAs. Rather than training a VTLA model from scratch or modifying the original architecture of a pretrained VLA, VT-Bridge employs an identical lightweight residual-adapter architecture across VLA backbones and uses backbone-specific weights to refine actions at the robot execution frequency. This design substantially lowers the data and training barriers. Specifically, it requires up to 50 vision-tactile demonstrations per task to fine-tune a VLA backbone and train a 0.98M-parameter residual adapter. Experiments with three representative VLA backbones (π0, π0.5, and SmolVLA) across four contact-rich manipulation tasks further demonstrate its consistent effectiveness across VLA architectures. On average, VT-Bridge raises the task completion rate from 11.7% with task-level VLA fine-tuning alone to 62.9%. Together, these findings demonstrate the broad applicability, effectiveness, and accessibility of VT-Bridge for contact-rich manipulation. The project page is available at https://hoxnocha.github.io/vt-bridge-web/.