SimVLA: A Simple VLA Baseline for Robotic Manipulation
On the map: Vision-language-action models → Generalist VLA models and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for general-purpose robotic manipulation, leveraging large-scale pre-training to achieve strong performance. The field has rapidly evolved with additional spatial priors and diverse architectural innovations. However, these advancements are often accompanied by varying training recipes and implementation details, which can make it challenging to disentangle the precise source of empirical gains. In this work, we introduce SimVLA, a streamlined baseline designed to establish a transparent reference point for VLA research. By strictly decoupling perception from control, using a standard vision-language backbone and a lightweight action head, and standardizing critical training dynamics, we demonstrate that a minimal design can achieve state-of-the-art performance. Despite having only 0.5B parameters, SimVLA outperforms multi-billion-parameter models on standard simulation benchmarks without robot pretraining. SimVLA also reaches on-par real-robot performance compared to pi0.5. Our results establish SimVLA as a robust, reproducible baseline that enables clear attribution of empirical gains to future architectural innovations. Website: https://frontierrobo.github.io/SimVLA
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Generalist VLA models and benchmarks, one of 13 directions in Vision-language-action models. Builds on 48 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Feb 2026.
Builds on
48 of 51 references.
Closest ancestors · 14
Same direction, newest first
- 2025An Anatomy of Vision-Language-Action Models: From Modules to Milestones and Challenges12 Dec
- 2025PixelVLA: Advancing Pixel-level Understanding in Vision-Language-Action Model3 Nov
- 2025X-VLA: Soft-Prompted Transformer as Scalable Cross-Embodiment Vision-Language-Action Model11 Oct
- 2025VLA-Adapter: An Effective Paradigm for Tiny-Scale Vision-Language-Action Model11 Sep
- 2025Galaxea Open-World Dataset and G0 Dual-System VLA Model30 Aug
- 2025ReconVLA: Reconstructive Vision-Language-Action Model as Effective Robot Perceiver14 Aug
- 2025Unified Vision-Language-Action Model24 Jun
- 2025VLA-OS: Structuring and Dissecting Planning Representations and Paradigms in Vision-Language-Action Models21 Jun
- 2025SmolVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for Affordable and Efficient Robotics2 Jun
- 2025NORA: A Small Open-Sourced Generalist Vision Language Action Model for Embodied Tasks28 Apr
- 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalization22 Apr
- 2025Fine-Tuning Vision-Language-Action Models: Optimizing Speed and Success27 Feb
2 more
Other references · 34
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,426
- 2023Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusioncited by 2,730
- 2022RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scalecited by 2,007
- 2024Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policycited by 1,427
- 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,338
- 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robotscited by 1,167
- 2023Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Modelscited by 849
- 2023BridgeData V2: A Dataset for Robot Learning at Scalecited by 634
- 2025SpatialVLA: Exploring Spatial Representations for Visual-Language-Action Modelcited by 502
- 2024Evaluating Real-World Robot Manipulation Policies in Simulationcited by 484
- 2025CoT-VLA: Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 440
22 more
- 2023Florence-2: Advancing a Unified Representation for a Variety of Vision Taskscited by 403
- 2025WorldVLA: Towards Autoregressive Action World Modelcited by 351
- 2024TraceVLA: Visual Trace Prompting Enhances Spatial-Temporal Awareness for Generalist Robotic Policiescited by 298
- 2025SmolVLM: Redefining small and efficient multimodal modelscited by 226
- 2025DreamVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model Dreamed with Comprehensive World Knowledgecited by 203
- 2025MolmoAct: Action Reasoning Models that can Reason in Spacecited by 189
- 2025MemoryVLA: Perceptual-Cognitive Memory in Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulationcited by 183
- 2025LIBERO-PRO: Towards Robust and Fair Evaluation of Vision-Language-Action Models Beyond Memorizationcited by 166
- 2025ThinkAct: Vision-Language-Action Reasoning via Reinforced Visual Latent Planningcited by 152
- 2025GraspVLA: a Grasping Foundation Model Pre-trained on Billion-scale Synthetic Action Datacited by 120
- 2025Discrete Diffusion VLA: Bringing Discrete Diffusion to Action Decoding in Vision-Language-Action Policiescited by 90
- 2025PD-VLA: Accelerating Vision-Language-Action Model Integrated with Action Chunking via Parallel Decodingcited by 88
- 2025Universal Actions for Enhanced Embodied Foundation Modelscited by 80
- 2025GeoVLA: Empowering 3D Representations in Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 68
- 2025VQ-VLA: Improving Vision-Language-Action Models via Scaling Vector-Quantized Action Tokenizerscited by 67
- 20254D-VLA: Spatiotemporal Vision-Language-Action Pretraining with Cross-Scene Calibrationcited by 55
- 2025FlowVLA: Visual Chain of Thought-based Motion Reasoning for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 50
- 2025DepthVLA: Enhancing Vision-Language-Action Models with Depth-Aware Spatial Reasoningcited by 44
- 2025HAMLET: Switch your Vision-Language-Action Model into a History-Aware Policycited by 42
- 2025From Spatial to Actions: Grounding Vision-Language-Action Model in Spatial Foundation Priorscited by 25
- 2025FPC-VLA: A Vision-Language-Action Framework with a Supervisor for Failure Prediction and Correctioncited by 21
- 2025IntentionVLA: Generalizable and Efficient Embodied Intention Reasoning for Human-Robot Interactioncited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 10.
10 papers.
- 2026Evo-Depth: A Lightweight Depth-Enhanced Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 13
- 2026CORAL: Scalable Multi-Task Robot Learning via LoRA Expertscited by 8
- 2026SafeVLA-Bench: A Benchmark for the Success-Safety Gap in Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 8
- 2026Let It Be Simple: One-Step Action Generation for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 3
- 2026QuoVLA: Quotient Space for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 2
- 2026Beyond Appearance Shifts: Task-Semantic Action Calibration for VLA Modelscited by 0
- 2026HABILIS Brain 0: Geometry-Change Supervision for Vision-Language-Action and Residual Flow Recoverycited by 0
- 2026An Action Is Worth One Patch: Unified World-Action Modeling with PatchWAMcited by 0
- 2026Quantile Head for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 0
- 2026Kinematic MeanFlow: One-Step Action Generation Policy for Robotic Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026Kinematic MeanFlow: One-Step Action Generation Policy for Robotic Foundation Models1 Oct 2026
- 2026Quantile Head for Vision-Language-Action Models28 Sep 2026
- 2026An Action Is Worth One Patch: Unified World-Action Modeling with PatchWAM22 Sep 2026
- 2026HABILIS Brain 0: Geometry-Change Supervision for Vision-Language-Action and Residual Flow Recovery22 Sep 2026
- 2026Beyond Appearance Shifts: Task-Semantic Action Calibration for VLA Models20 Sep 2026
- 2026Let It Be Simple: One-Step Action Generation for Vision-Language-Action Models4 Jun 2026
- 2026SafeVLA-Bench: A Benchmark for the Success-Safety Gap in Vision-Language-Action Models30 May 2026
- 2026QuoVLA: Quotient Space for Vision-Language-Action Models24 May 2026
- 2026Evo-Depth: A Lightweight Depth-Enhanced Vision-Language-Action Model14 May 2026
- 2026CORAL: Scalable Multi-Task Robot Learning via LoRA Experts10 Mar 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Vision Language Action Models in Robotic Manipulation: A Systematic Review
- 2024TinyVLA: Towards Fast, Data-Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation
- 2024Benchmarking Vision, Language, & Action Models on Robotic Learning Tasks
- 2025Pure Vision Language Action (VLA) Models: A Comprehensive Survey
- 2025VLA-0: Building State-of-the-Art VLAs with Zero Modification
- 2025Large VLM-based Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulation: A Survey
- 2024What Matters in Building Vision-Language-Action Models for Generalist Robots
- 2025Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied Manipulation: A Systematic Survey