Geometry of Values: Task Vector Composition for Ethical Preference Alignment in Language Models
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Human values and AI feedback alignment
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in applications that must weigh clashing moral values, yet even strong models exhibit hidden biases and brittle instruction-following across languages. We introduce a 12,000-instance dataset of two-option dilemmas covering pairwise three value conflicts: Honesty vs. Justice, Justice vs. Autonomy, and Autonomy vs. Honesty, along with their translations into Hindi, Arabic, Spanish, and Chinese, to probe cross-lingual behavior. Benchmarking on GPT-5-mini reveals that it consistently favors Honesty over Autonomy across all five languages when no policy is given. The Llama-3.2-1/3B models exhibit strong first-option bias; however, both plain fine-tuning and Direct Preference Optimization fine-tuning effectively remove this bias, increasing accuracy to greater than 98%. In order to decouple the effect of learning correlations in the dataset from abstract values, we propose a task vector transfer based experiment where after computing the task vectors for a direction of value preference we orthogonalize it with respect to the general instruction following vector. Our experiment shows that this method is effective in isolating the direction of the specific value preference that can successfully be used to conduct task arithmetic to obtain a model with the opposite stance.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Human values and AI feedback alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 10 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2026.
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- 2020Aligning AI With Shared Human Values5 Aug
Other references · 9
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 7,916
- 2022Editing Models with Task Arithmeticcited by 1,076
- 2021Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Modelscited by 957
- 2021Self-Diagnosis and Self-Debiasing: A Proposal for Reducing Corpus-Based Bias in NLPcited by 336
- 2023Task Arithmetic in the Tangent Space: Improved Editing of Pre-Trained Modelscited by 218
- 2024Task Singular Vectors: Reducing Task Interference in Model Mergingcited by 143
- 2023SeaEval for Multilingual Foundation Models: From Cross-Lingual Alignment to Cultural Reasoningcited by 94
- 2023Ethical Reasoning over Moral Alignment: A Case and Framework for In-Context Ethical Policies in LLMscited by 64
- 2024Ethical Reasoning and Moral Value Alignment of LLMs Depend on the Language we Prompt them incited by 45
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- 2023Heterogeneous Value Alignment Evaluation for Large Language Models
- 2025Multi-Value Alignment for LLMs via Value Decorrelation and Extrapolation
- 2024Whose Morality Do They Speak? Unraveling Cultural Bias in Multilingual Language Models
- 2025Alignment Revisited: Are Large Language Models Consistent in Stated and Revealed Preferences?
- 2026Do LLMs Have Values? A Quantitative Analysis and Alignment Framework for Values in Large Language Models