mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

FOCUS & RePAIR: Mitigating Text Degeneration via Token-Level Guidance for Pruned Large Language Models

arXiv 2608.26676 ↗First posted 27 Aug 2026cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Pruning is a practical approach to compress large language models (LLMs), but it can amplify text degeneration, especially repetition loops, even when perplexity and task accuracy remain largely unchanged. In this work, we present a token-level analysis of this failure mode by viewing decoding as a dynamical process that enters and persists in a small set of recurrent contexts. Our analysis decomposes degeneration into loop entry risk and loop persistence, and shows that persistence is controlled by the escape mass assigned to plausible alternatives within the token sampling set. Motivated by these findings, we propose two token-level guidance objectives for post-pruning fine-tuning. FOCUS reweights distillation toward high-confidence teacher regions to suppress leakage, while RePAIR uses onset-centered positive/negative continuation pairs with a margin loss to promote plausible alternatives and prevent early commitment to repetition loops. Experiments on open-ended continuation and instruction-based generation show that both methods consistently reduce repetition and improve generation quality.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Aug 2026.

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29 of 36 references.

References · 29

  1. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
  2. 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,512
  3. 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,916
  4. 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,724
  5. 2018Hierarchical Neural Story Generationcited by 1,193
  6. 2023SparseGPT: Massive Language Models Can Be Accurately Pruned in One-Shotcited by 1,121
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  9. 2019Neural Text Generation with Unlikelihood Trainingcited by 503
  10. 2021MAUVE: Measuring the Gap Between Neural Text and Human Text using Divergence Frontierscited by 470
  11. 2024A Survey on Knowledge Distillation of Large Language Modelscited by 284
  12. 2024DistiLLM: Towards Streamlined Distillation for Large Language Modelscited by 163
17 more
  1. 2022Learning to Break the Loop: Analyzing and Mitigating Repetitions for Neural Text Generationcited by 94
  2. 2024Rethinking Kullback-Leibler Divergence in Knowledge Distillation for Large Language Modelscited by 65
  3. 2021Lost in Pruning: The Effects of Pruning Neural Networks beyond Test Accuracycited by 62
  4. 2025A Survey of Large Language Model Agents for Question Answeringcited by 48
  5. 2024Revisiting Knowledge Distillation for Autoregressive Language Modelscited by 42
  6. 2021Undistillable: Making A Nasty Teacher That CANNOT teach studentscited by 36
  7. 2024LLM-Inference-Bench: Inference Benchmarking of Large Language Models on AI Acceleratorscited by 32
  8. 2022Rethinking and Refining the Distinct Metriccited by 27
  9. 2025ToDi: Token-wise Distillation via Fine-Grained Divergence Controlcited by 27
  10. 2021On the Effect of Pruning on Adversarial Robustnesscited by 23
  11. 2021Straight to the Gradient: Learning to Use Novel Tokens for Neural Text Generationcited by 19
  12. 2023Accurate Retraining-free Pruning for Pretrained Encoder-based Language Modelscited by 11
  13. 2024FIRST: Teach A Reliable Large Language Model Through Efficient Trustworthy Distillationcited by 11
  14. 2023The Stable Entropy Hypothesis and Entropy-Aware Decoding: An Analysis and Algorithm for Robust Natural Language Generationcited by 8
  15. 2023Towards Robust Pruning: An Adaptive Knowledge-Retention Pruning Strategy for Language Modelscited by 7
  16. 2024Can Students Beyond The Teacher? Distilling Knowledge from Teacher's Biascited by 7
  17. 2025Revisiting Weak-to-Strong Generalization in Theory and Practice: Reverse KL vs. Forward KLcited by 6

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  3. 2026Context Tokens are Anchors: Understanding the Repetition Curse in dMLLMs from an Information Flow Perspective
  4. 2025ReLearn: Unlearning via Learning for Large Language Models
  5. 2026From Token Importance to Conditional Removability: Rethinking Visual Token Pruning in Multimodal Large Language Models
  6. 2025Pruning Laws for Large Language Models
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