Same Model, Different Harness: Different Coding-Agent Results
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents
Abstract (arXiv)
A coding agent combines a model with a harness, which decides what the model sees, which tools it can use, and how the work continues. We ask whether changing the harness changes the result when the model and task stay fixed. We compare two configurations of the same harness on three coding benchmarks. The control supplies the full conversation in time order, while the treatment keeps the same record but mechanically shortens older tool results as the context fills and responds to repeated or stalled work. Under tight context, the treatment raises mean per-task fail-to-pass fraction (F2PF) in all three pressure comparisons and increases complete solutions on SWE-bench Verified and SWE-bench Pro. The tight-window Verified comparison uses 169 tasks, a 20,480-token window, and a fixed 480-second attempt endpoint; on this cohort, treatment raises mean per-task F2PF from 28 percent to 49 percent and complete solutions from 43 to 72. Without model-specific retuning, the same frozen treatment also raises both endpoints on the same cohort for three additional models with different designs. In the wide-window Qwen3.6 comparisons, observed arm outcomes are close on Verified and Pro, while FeatureBench retains a higher mean per-task F2PF under treatment. On the wide-window Verified cohort, treatment also serves fewer prompt tokens per turn. Because changing the harness changed what unchanged model weights could accomplish, coding-agent evaluations should treat the model and harness together as the tested solver.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 3 of its 8 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Aug 2026.
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3 of 8 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.
4 papers.
- 2026An Empirical Study of Harness Design for Coding Agentscited by 6
- 2026Harness or Model? Isolating the Harness Effect in Agentic Coding with a Contamination-Controlled Private Suitecited by 0
- 2026Identical Runs, Different Results: Benchmarking AI Coding Agents on Open-Weight Modelscited by 0
- 2026What Does a Harness Buy? Tokens, Mostlycited by 0
- 2026What Does a Harness Buy? Tokens, Mostly3 Oct 2026
- 2026Identical Runs, Different Results: Benchmarking AI Coding Agents on Open-Weight Models27 Sep 2026
- 2026An Empirical Study of Harness Design for Coding Agents17 Sep 2026
- 2026Harness or Model? Isolating the Harness Effect in Agentic Coding with a Contamination-Controlled Private Suite8 Sep 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026The Scaffold Effect in Coding Agents: Harness Choice as a Hidden Variable in Coding-Agent Evaluation
- 2026Finding the Right Fit: Model-Harness Interactions across Agent Tasks
- 2026Don't Blame the Large Language Model: How Agent Harness Evolution Shapes Coding Agent Quality
- 2026Stop Comparing LLM Agents Without Disclosing the Harness
- 2026Doc2Harness: Benchmarking LLMs on Long-Horizon Harness Engineering of Coding Agents
- 2026Coding Agents Have Converged: Why the SWE-bench Leaderboard Can No Longer Order Its Top Entries, and What to Measure Instead
- 2026Composing Task-specific Agent Harnesses at Test Time with Reusable Primitives
- 2026What Does Multi-Harness RL Learn? Credit Assignment and Portability in Coding Agents