Auditing Self-Evolution in Financial Agents: Capability Gains, Security Drift, and Execution-Interface Mismatch
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Abstract (arXiv)
Self-evolving agents turn experience into reusable skills, workflows, or memories, but post-evolution accuracy alone does not show whether learned behavior preserves previously correct behavior or security. We audit SkillOpt, Agent Workflow Memory (AWM), and ReasoningBank in simulated e-banking using matched benign acquisition trajectories, sealed evaluation endpoints, execution-grounded checks, and independent state replay. On Qwen 3.7 Flash, SkillOpt raises benign utility from 0.741 to 0.837 while exposure to injected content rises from 0.820 to 0.943. Conditional attack success after exposure falls from 0.605 to 0.562, yet overall attack success rate (ASR) rises from 0.496 to 0.530 and unauthorized financial state changes rise to 0.685. Across three independently evolved lineages, capability, exposure, and unauthorized-state changes increase in all three, whereas ASR increases in only two. ReasoningBank raises utility to 0.859 without increasing aggregate ASR, although unauthorized state changes remain slightly above Static. AWM reveals a separate evaluation hazard: a literal WebArena text-action envelope disrupts tool execution in our native function-calling executor. In a post-hoc sensitivity test, removing only that envelope restores utility from 0.319 to 0.756, while exposure rises from 0.299 to 0.909 and ASR from 0.195 to 0.575. Auditing self-evolving financial agents therefore requires tracking regressions, attack-surface contact, unauthorized financial-state change, and artifact-executor compatibility, not accuracy alone.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2026.
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8 of 17 references.
References · 8
- 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,276
- 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedbackcited by 3,442
- 2023Not what you've signed up for: Compromising Real-World LLM-Integrated Applications with Indirect Prompt Injectioncited by 1,443
- 2024Agent-SafetyBench: Evaluating the Safety of LLM Agentscited by 306
- 2025ReasoningBank: Scaling Agent Self-Evolving with Reasoning Memorycited by 284
- 2024The Task Shield: Enforcing Task Alignment to Defend Against Indirect Prompt Injection in LLM Agentscited by 99
- 2025Your Agent May Misevolve: Emergent Risks in Self-evolving LLM Agentscited by 62
- 2026SkillOS: Learning Skill Curation for Self-Evolving Agentscited by 49
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- 2026When Experience Becomes Instruction: Trajectory Poisoning in Self-Evolving Agent Skill Systems
- 2026When Self-Evolution Backfires: Pre-Commit Gating against Skill Contamination in LLM Agents
- 2026Coalition-Aware Skill Reliability for Self-Evolving Agents
- 2026EvoAgentBench: Benchmarking Agent Self-Evolution via Ability Transfer
- 2026Proteus: A Self-Evolving Red Team for Agent Skill Ecosystems
- 2026Replayable Financial Agents: A Determinism-Faithfulness Assurance Harness for Tool-Using LLM Agents
- 2026Evolving Together, Failing Apart: The Skill-Policy Co-evolution Trap in Self-Improving Agents