mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Don't Claim Benchmark-Oriented Optimization Improves General Coding Capability -- Diverse Evaluation Is Required

arXiv 2608.13566 ↗First posted 26 Jun 2026cs.LG cs.AI cs.SEcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

Post-training papers, model cards, and blog posts often treat scores on a small set of coding benchmarks (e.g., SWE-bench and LiveCodeBench) as evidence of broad coding capability, both for research artifacts and user-facing systems. We argue that optimization for these benchmarks leads to measuring task-specific performance, creating a meaning gap between measured scores and claims of general coding ability. We examine this gap with a Django-based case study benchmark suite we create. Evaluating foundation models and checkpoints post-trained on SWE-bench trajectories, we find that benchmark rankings frequently fail to generalize. Post-trained checkpoints show little cross-task transfer, and SWE-bench optimization yields limited or no gains on our tasks or on LiveCodeBench. Similarly, fine-tuning on individual Django modalities fails to transfer. We conclude that a small number of benchmarks is insufficient for evaluating diverse models under benchmark optimization pressure. We encourage the community to use differentiated evaluation - holistic assessment for frontier models, multi-task suites for research, and human-in-the-loop studies for narrow task applications. Finally, we argue for creating a capability taxonomy and sustained benchmark maintenance, rather than one-off benchmark releases. Without reliable evaluation standards, engineers and researchers using LLMs and agents have to rely on insufficient evidence to make research, development, and deployment decisions.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2026.

Builds on

23 of 42 references.

References · 23

  1. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
  2. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
  3. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,373
  4. 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 2,004
  5. 2024Qwen2.5-Coder Technical Reportcited by 1,203
  6. 2022MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmarkcited by 640
  7. 2026Terminal-Bench: Benchmarking Agents on Hard, Realistic Tasks in Command Line Interfacescited by 585
  8. 2024Training Software Engineering Agents and Verifiers with SWE-Gymcited by 336
  9. 2025SWE-smith: Scaling Data for Software Engineering Agentscited by 285
  10. 2025SWE-Bench Pro: Can AI Agents Solve Long-Horizon Software Engineering Tasks?cited by 279
  11. 2025R2E-Gym: Procedural Environments and Hybrid Verifiers for Scaling Open-Weights SWE Agentscited by 158
  12. 2018Categorizing Variants of Goodhart's Lawcited by 149
11 more
  1. 2025SWE-rebench: An Automated Pipeline for Task Collection and Decontaminated Evaluation of Software Engineering Agentscited by 142
  2. 2025Measuring what Matters: Construct Validity in Large Language Model Benchmarkscited by 119
  3. 2024SWE-Bench+: Enhanced Coding Benchmark for LLMscited by 99
  4. 2023Style Over Substance: Evaluation Biases for Large Language Modelscited by 70
  5. 2024SelfCodeAlign: Self-Alignment for Code Generationcited by 62
  6. 2024Lingma SWE-GPT: An Open Development-Process-Centric Language Model for Automated Software Improvementcited by 61
  7. 2025Optimizing Language Models for Inference Time Objectives using Reinforcement Learningcited by 53
  8. 2024HumanEval Pro and MBPP Pro: Evaluating Large Language Models on Self-invoking Code Generationcited by 39
  9. 2025Skywork-SWE: Unveiling Data Scaling Laws for Software Engineering in LLMscited by 26
  10. 2024Reasoning Through Execution: Unifying Process and Outcome Rewards for Code Generationcited by 21
  11. 2024Position: Benchmarking is Limited in Reinforcement Learning Researchcited by 15

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