mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Twins: Learn to Predict Unified Representations with Focal Loss

arXiv 2607.22531 ↗First posted 24 Jul 2026cs.CVcited by 0

On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing

Abstract (arXiv)

Unified multimodal models seek a shared visual token space that supports both multimodal understanding and image generation. Discrete methods unify the interface via a shared codebook, whereas continuous pipelines often rely on two disparate representations -- semantic features (e.g., ViT) for understanding and low-level latents (e.g., VAE) for synthesis -- resulting in mismatched latent spaces. We propose Twins, a unified continuous token space formed by channel-wise concatenating ViT and VAE features on the same token grid, so the sequence length is unchanged and attention cost does not increase. However, jointly modeling Twins in a Diffusion Transformer exposes a severe optimization imbalance: the model fits the ViT component well but struggles to match the VAE latent distribution. We trace this imbalance to three sources of heterogeneity: frequency bias, intrinsic dimensionality, and condition-aligned vs condition-independent uncertainty. To address it, we adapt a focal regression objective for flow matching that upweights large-error VAE dimensions, better balancing optimization across the ViT and VAE components. On ImageNet, this yields up to 10.57 gFID gain over naive MSE loss without classifier-free guidance. Twins also performs competitively on multimodal understanding benchmarks and improves reconstruction fidelity, narrowing the gap between understanding- and generation-oriented representations.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 78 of its 88 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Jul 2026.

Builds on

78 of 88 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

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  3. 2024Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Need27 Sep
  4. 2024VILA-U: a Unified Foundation Model Integrating Visual Understanding and Generation6 Sep
  5. 2024Visual Autoregressive Modeling: Scalable Image Generation via Next-Scale Prediction3 Apr

Other references · 73

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
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  8. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,650
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  10. 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,290
  11. 2024Qwen2-VL: Enhancing Vision-Language Model's Perception of the World at Any Resolutioncited by 4,151
  12. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,094
38 more
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  6. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,534
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  9. 2024Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Modelscited by 904
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  11. 2024Cambrian-1: A Fully Open, Vision-Centric Exploration of Multimodal LLMscited by 822
  12. 2024Autoregressive Model Beats Diffusion: Llama for Scalable Image Generationcited by 760
  13. 2024Show-o: One Single Transformer to Unify Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 734
  14. 2023VILA: On Pre-training for Visual Language Modelscited by 686
  15. 2024Representation Alignment for Generation: Training Diffusion Transformers Is Easier Than You Thinkcited by 666
  16. 2024Autoregressive Image Generation without Vector Quantizationcited by 644
  17. 2023Language Model Beats Diffusion -- Tokenizer is Key to Visual Generationcited by 633
  18. 2023mPLUG-Owl2: Revolutionizing Multi-modal Large Language Model with Modality Collaborationcited by 545
  19. 2024Transfusion: Predict the Next Token and Diffuse Images with One Multi-Modal Modelcited by 468
  20. 2024Janus: Decoupling Visual Encoding for Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 447
  21. 2023Generative Multimodal Models are In-Context Learnerscited by 446
  22. 2025Reconstruction vs. Generation: Taming Optimization Dilemma in Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 376
  23. 2024SEED-X: Multimodal Models with Unified Multi-granularity Comprehension and Generationcited by 328
  24. 2021The Intrinsic Dimension of Images and Its Impact on Learningcited by 307
  25. 2023Unified-IO 2: Scaling Autoregressive Multimodal Models with Vision, Language, Audio, and Actioncited by 301
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  28. 2024Guiding a Diffusion Model with a Bad Version of Itselfcited by 286
  29. 2022Rectified Flow: A Marginal Preserving Approach to Optimal Transportcited by 277
  30. 2018Estimating the intrinsic dimension of datasets by a minimal neighborhood informationcited by 246
  31. 2024Deep Compression Autoencoder for Efficient High-Resolution Diffusion Modelscited by 209
  32. 2024MetaMorph: Multimodal Understanding and Generation via Instruction Tuningcited by 205
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  35. 2023Fast Training of Diffusion Models with Masked Transformerscited by 172
  36. 2024Open-MAGVIT2: An Open-Source Project Toward Democratizing Auto-regressive Visual Generationcited by 153
  37. 2025UniTok: A Unified Tokenizer for Visual Generation and Understandingcited by 148
  38. 2024LMFusion: Adapting Pretrained Language Models for Multimodal Generationcited by 120

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