Multilingual Sentence Embeddings for Linguistic-Integrated Reliability Audit
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Abstract (arXiv)
Multilingual assessment systems commonly rely on translation for scoring and quality-control processes. We evaluate whether multilingual sentence embeddings can replace translated English input for Linguistic-Integrated Reliability Auditing (LiRA) across 11 PIRLS constructed-response items and three embedding models. Native-language embeddings reproduced translation-based reliability estimates closely while recovering responses excluded after translation failure, with no meaningful change in reliability.
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References · 10
- 2019Similarity of Neural Network Representations Revisitedcited by 1,695
- 2025Qwen3 Embedding: Advancing Text Embedding and Reranking Through Foundation Modelscited by 1,175
- 2019Cross-lingual Language Model Pretrainingcited by 1,088
- 2018XNLI: Evaluating Cross-lingual Sentence Representationscited by 913
- 2020Language-agnostic BERT Sentence Embeddingcited by 621
- 2018Massively Multilingual Sentence Embeddings for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Transfer and Beyondcited by 434
- 2024Multilingual E5 Text Embeddings: A Technical Reportcited by 357
- 2018On the Limitations of Unsupervised Bilingual Dictionary Inductioncited by 61
- 2014Improving zero-shot learning by mitigating the hubness problemcited by 53
- 2019Semantic Drift in Multilingual Representationscited by 13
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