Are LLMs ready for HardChoices?
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Abstract (arXiv)
A lot of research attention has been devoted to checking whether large language models (LLMs) are politically biased. This work has largely focused on high-level ideological dimensions, such as left--right or progressive--conservative, and it has been shown that while LLMs are predominantly left and progressive leaning, largely mimicking the biases in the training data, they can be to some extent steered to change their preferences in post-training. In this short note, we check if LLMs have robust stances with regard to major substantive societal issues, on which members of the same ideological camp are often in disagreement, summarised in a novel dataset textscHardChoices. We show that, faced with this line of questioning, LLMs, both large and small, surprisingly rarely declare neutrality, are often incoherent, and demonstrate a remarkable degree of agreement on issues where they do take stances.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 14 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Jul 2026.
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6 of 14 references.
References · 6
- 2024Political Compass or Spinning Arrow? Towards More Meaningful Evaluations for Values and Opinions in Large Language Modelscited by 162
- 2024Beyond prompt brittleness: Evaluating the reliability and consistency of political worldviews in LLMscited by 55
- 2025The Homogenizing Effect of Large Language Models on Human Expression and Thoughtcited by 35
- 2025SaRO: Enhancing LLM Safety through Reasoning-based Alignmentcited by 26
- 2025A Survey on Responsible LLMs: Inherent Risk, Malicious Use, and Mitigation Strategycited by 20
- 2025What Is The Political Content in LLMs' Pre- and Post-Training Data?cited by 7
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