mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Measuring Intelligence Beyond Human Scale

arXiv 2607.07040 ↗First posted 8 Jul 2026cs.AIcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

How can we measure intelligence beyond human capability? Human-authored benchmarks saturate, and above human capability, examiners may not know which tasks are both hard and verifiable. We argue that this difficulty is inherent to absolute-scale evaluation and propose a new paradigm based on relative measurement in which models generate public challenges that separate other systems. Aggregating these outcomes yields an adversarial psychometric rating system that can scale with the systems being measured. We describe practical protocols that reduce incentives for private-information attacks, support judge-free adjudication, and naturally scale with agent capabilities. We instantiate the framework across verifiable and open-ended, non-verifiable domains, illustrating how model-generated evaluation can continue to measure systems beyond the human frontier.

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References · 17

  1. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  2. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  3. 2022Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language modelscited by 1,970
  4. 2016Concrete Problems in AI Safetycited by 1,582
  5. 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preferencecited by 1,151
  6. 2025Humanity's Last Examcited by 467
  7. 2021Dynabench: Rethinking Benchmarking in NLPcited by 447
  8. 2023Weak-to-Strong Generalization: Eliciting Strong Capabilities With Weak Supervisioncited by 445
  9. 2018AI safety via debatecited by 384
  10. 2024LiveBench: A Challenging, Contamination-Limited LLM Benchmarkcited by 242
  11. 2024FrontierMath: A Benchmark for Evaluating Advanced Mathematical Reasoning in AIcited by 227
  12. 2022Measuring Progress on Scalable Oversight for Large Language Modelscited by 212
5 more
  1. 2023Benchmarking Foundation Models with Language-Model-as-an-Examinercited by 172
  2. 2018Supervising strong learners by amplifying weak expertscited by 139
  3. 2024Auto-Arena: Automating LLM Evaluations with Agent Peer Battles and Committee Discussionscited by 40
  4. 2026PeerRank: Autonomous LLM Evaluation Through Web-Grounded, Bias-Controlled Peer Reviewcited by 4
  5. 2026LivingArena: Do LLMs Know What Other LLMs Don't? Peer-Probing as Scalable Evaluationcited by 1

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