mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Dual-Confidence Contrastive Decoding for Retrieval-Augmented Generation

arXiv 2607.00570 ↗First posted 1 Jul 2026cs.CLcited by 0

On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → RAG robustness and adaptive retrieval

Abstract (arXiv)

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) increasingly requires models to answer questions from multiple retrieved documents, where only some sources are relevant and the retrieved bundle may contain stale, noisy, or conflicting evidence. Existing contrastive decoding methods primarily focus on resolving conflicts between the model's internal memory and the retrieved context. In contrast, we study the complementary problem of intra-context conflict in multi-document RAG. To evaluate this setting, we introduce DRQA, a factual-conflict question answering benchmark derived from enterprise deep-research scenarios, where answers are grounded in synthetic enterprise-specific facts that are designed not to be recoverable from the model's internal memory. We further propose Dual-Confidence Contrastive Decoding (DCCD), a training-free decoding method that combines document-level confidence, which estimates whether a document appears sufficient for answering the question, with token-level confidence, which estimates whether that document supports a confident next-token prediction. DCCD selects positive and negative document-conditioned streams using these dual-confidence signals and scales a document-level contrast by their confidence margin. Across DRQA and standard multi-document QA benchmarks, DCCD achieves the best average performance among full-context and contrastive decoding baselines, with the largest gains on DRQA. These results highlight the importance of source-aware, confidence-gated decoding when retrieved evidence is internally conflicting.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in RAG robustness and adaptive retrieval, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 31 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Jul 2026.

Builds on

31 of 43 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Conflicting Evidence17 Apr
  2. 2024Sufficient Context: A New Lens on Retrieval Augmented Generation Systems9 Nov
  3. 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Estimation of Source Reliability30 Oct
  4. 2024Adaptive Contrastive Decoding in Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Handling Noisy Contexts2 Aug
  5. 2024Tug-of-War Between Knowledge: Exploring and Resolving Knowledge Conflicts in Retrieval-Augmented Language Models22 Feb

Other references · 26

  1. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
  2. 2020Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 3,779
  3. 2015Neural Machine Translation of Rare Words with Subword Unitscited by 2,898
  4. 2017TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehensioncited by 2,895
  5. 2018SentencePiece: A simple and language independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for Neural Text Processingcited by 1,973
  6. 2022Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Knowcited by 1,783
  7. 2020Leveraging Passage Retrieval with Generative Models for Open Domain Question Answeringcited by 1,203
  8. 2022When Not to Trust Language Models: Investigating Effectiveness of Parametric and Non-Parametric Memoriescited by 1,103
  9. 2022Contrastive Decoding: Open-ended Text Generation as Optimizationcited by 598
  10. 2018Predictive Uncertainty Estimation via Prior Networkscited by 555
  11. 2023Adaptive Chameleon or Stubborn Sloth: Revealing the Behavior of Large Language Models in Knowledge Conflictscited by 333
  12. 2023Trusting Your Evidence: Hallucinate Less with Context-aware Decodingcited by 319
14 more
  1. 2024Knowledge Conflicts for LLMs: A Surveycited by 274
  2. 2023A Survey of Confidence Estimation and Calibration in Large Language Modelscited by 253
  3. 2025DeepResearch Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Deep Research Agentscited by 236
  4. 2024Fact-Checking the Output of Large Language Models via Token-Level Uncertainty Quantificationcited by 159
  5. 2022Rich Knowledge Sources Bring Complex Knowledge Conflicts: Recalibrating Models to Reflect Conflicting Evidencecited by 142
  6. 2024What Evidence Do Language Models Find Convincing?cited by 74
  7. 2024Enhancing Contextual Understanding in Large Language Models through Contrastive Decodingcited by 49
  8. 2024AdaCAD: Adaptively Decoding to Balance Conflicts between Contextual and Parametric Knowledgecited by 35
  9. 2025Characterizing Deep Research: A Benchmark and Formal Definitioncited by 29
  10. 2025Benchmarking Deep Search over Heterogeneous Enterprise Datacited by 23
  11. 2024AmbigDocs: Reasoning across Documents on Different Entities under the Same Namecited by 21
  12. 2025DRBench: A Realistic Benchmark for Enterprise Deep Researchcited by 19
  13. 2023Tree Prompting: Efficient Task Adaptation without Fine-Tuningcited by 17
  14. 2025CoCoA: Confidence and Context-Aware Adaptive Decoding for Resolving Knowledge Conflicts in Large Language Modelscited by 9

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  7. 2026Beyond Self-Knowledge: Propagating Uncertainty Across Reasoning and Retrieval in LLMs
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