mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Explicit Fuzzy Logic in the Feed-Forward Layer: Self-Forgetting Quantifiers Discover Legible Grammatical-Licensing Detectors

arXiv 2606.31845 ↗First posted 30 Jun 2026cs.CL cs.LGcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

A transformer's feed-forward (FFN) sublayer materializes the distinctions attention gathers, yet gives no account of what it computes. In a parameter-neutral replacement, each hidden unit is an explicit fuzzy set operation on sigmoid-bounded [0,1] memberships: intersection A*B and set-difference A*(1-B), the latter a bounded positive negation ("A but not B") that gated/bilinear units lack -- a negation-capable FFN (NC-FFN). On N-bit parity they are the most parameter-efficient reasoning basis at shallow depth; at scale (125M, OpenWebText) NC-FFN ties the GELU baseline's perplexity, every unit carrying explicit logical form. Two limits share one cause: two-operand logic localizes to layer 0 and erodes under training, and the one robust grammatical deficit concentrates in licensing and quantifiers, beyond within-token operators. We resolve both with a small block of sequence quantifiers: a soft existential and a soft proportion, each with a per-unit learned forgetting rate from a sticky init. This recovers the deficit at epoch one (halving the wider epoch-two gap), modestly leads on LAMBADA, and makes the FFN legible: the structure now holds and migrates into depth; the decay un-learns its stickiness (median half-life ~1.5 tokens; zero latch units); and at the semantic layers the units read, without dictionary learning, as grammatical licensing detectors: each fires on a licensor (a comparative, a passive participle, a negative-polarity item) and carries its memory forward to predict the licensed word (than, by, nor). This legibility is localized and free only up to a partition (a fully Boolean FFN diverges in training), but the result is a parameter-neutral, language-model-quality transformer with a readable, interpretable-by-construction grammatical mechanism -- an account not just of what a feed-forward layer represents but how it licenses.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jun 2026.

Builds on

23 of 30 references.

References · 23

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11 more
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.