mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Building to the Test: Coding Agents Deliver What You Check, Not What You Requested

arXiv 2606.28430 ↗First posted 26 Jun 2026cs.SE cs.AIcited by 3

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Benchmarks are widely used to evaluate task completion by Large Language Models (LLMs), but this approach has accumulated construction-validity problems, and a passing score may not show whether the requested task was delivered. We study both problems. In a controlled code-as-spec setup, two production Copilot CLI agents (claude-opus-4.7, gpt-5.5) re-implement a React Fluent-UI data table in Angular as a reusable library under a hidden 222-test Playwright oracle across 18 runs and three oracle-availability conditions. Alongside the score, we run a mechanical library audit and check each verdict with a no-op ablation. Without the oracle, the library is present but unfinished, revealed by scores. With the oracle in the loop, the score reaches near-perfect, but from a demo holding the tested behavior directly, the library left dead or absent. We call this building to the test; the broader disposition behind both we call validation self-awareness. The agent does not, on its own, validate what it ships as a user would. Prevalence remains an open question across other agents, signals, and model families. Beyond benchmark scores, dispositions like validation self-awareness merit research attention.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 39 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2026.

Builds on

39 of 57 references.

Closest ancestors · 7

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026SpecBench: Evaluating Specification-Level Reasoning for Software Engineering LLM Agents28 May
  2. 2026SpecBench: Measuring Reward Hacking in Long-Horizon Coding Agents20 May
  3. 2025Does SWE-Bench-Verified Test Agent Ability or Model Memory?11 Dec
  4. 2025Kimi-Dev: Agentless Training as Skill Prior for SWE-Agents27 Sep
  5. 2024Training Software Engineering Agents and Verifiers with SWE-Gym30 Dec
  6. 2024Agentless: Demystifying LLM-based Software Engineering Agents1 Jul
  7. 2024SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineering6 May

Other references · 32

  1. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  2. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
  3. 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,598
  4. 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedbackcited by 3,317
  5. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
  6. 2022Locating and Editing Factual Associations in GPTcited by 2,609
  7. 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Codecited by 1,906
  8. 2016Concrete Problems in AI Safetycited by 1,582
  9. 2022Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCodecited by 1,427
  10. 2022Scaling Laws for Reward Model Overoptimizationcited by 1,056
  11. 2023Teaching Large Language Models to Self-Debugcited by 963
  12. 2024BigCodeBench: Benchmarking Code Generation with Diverse Function Calls and Complex Instructionscited by 527
20 more
  1. 2023Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage?cited by 515
  2. 2023Faith and Fate: Limits of Transformers on Compositionalitycited by 496
  3. 2023The Reversal Curse: LLMs trained on "A is B" fail to learn "B is A"cited by 399
  4. 2022CodeT: Code Generation with Generated Testscited by 369
  5. 2022CodeRL: Mastering Code Generation through Pretrained Models and Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 342
  6. 2023NLP Evaluation in trouble: On the Need to Measure LLM Data Contamination for each Benchmarkcited by 339
  7. 2025Monitoring Reasoning Models for Misbehavior and the Risks of Promoting Obfuscationcited by 338
  8. 2022The Effects of Reward Misspecification: Mapping and Mitigating Misaligned Modelscited by 312
  9. 2025SWE-RL: Advancing LLM Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning on Open Software Evolutioncited by 246
  10. 2023Proving Test Set Contamination in Black Box Language Modelscited by 227
  11. 2024Judging the Judges: Evaluating Alignment and Vulnerabilities in LLMs-as-Judgescited by 197
  12. 2022Defining and Characterizing Reward Hackingcited by 184
  13. 2018Categorizing Variants of Goodhart's Lawcited by 132
  14. 2021Goal Misgeneralization in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 122
  15. 2023RLTF: Reinforcement Learning from Unit Test Feedbackcited by 110
  16. 2025Establishing Best Practices for Building Rigorous Agentic Benchmarkscited by 94
  17. 2025Demonstrating specification gaming in reasoning modelscited by 48
  18. 2025Are "Solved Issues" in SWE-bench Really Solved Correctly? An Empirical Studycited by 47
  19. 2026AgentLens: Revealing The Lucky Pass Problem in SWE-Agent Evaluationcited by 13
  20. 2026Automated Benchmark Auditing for AI Agents and Large Language Modelscited by 10

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Confident and Wrong: Silent Semantic Failures in Coding Agents
  2. 2026AgentLens: Production-Assessed Trajectory Reviews for Coding Agent Evaluation
  3. 2026Beyond Test Presence: Assessing the Quality and Robustness of Agent-Generated Tests in Open-Source Projects
  4. 2026TestJack: Should you trust the results in coding benchmarks? Agentic Coding Benchmarks Auditing via Evaluator Evolution
  5. 2026Coding Agents as Test-Suite Auditors: Finding What Official Suites Miss While Approaching What They Catch
  6. 2026When the Specification Emerges: Benchmarking Faithfulness Loss in Long-Horizon Coding Agents
  7. 2026All Smoke, No Alarm: Oracle Signals in Agent-Authored Test Code
  8. 2026The reach of a verification tool decides its value: A controlled study of verification surface, artifact quality, and cost in AI coding agents