Hiding in Plain Floats: Steganographic Carriers for Indirect Prompt and Content Injection
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Abstract (arXiv)
Text-centered prompt-injection defenses assume that the malicious signal is visible in one of the inspected text views. We study a reproducible LLM01-style indirect prompt/content-injection failure mode where that assumption breaks: a payload caught in plain English slips past the same detector when it is transported as structured float parameters and reconstructed only as fragmented telemetry. Across 14,400 attacked real-model trials on three commercial LLM APIs from different providers, the IFS-derived float-array carrier preserves 94.3% leakage ASR under the strongest dual-layer text-classifier defense evaluated in the main matrix: a Prompt Guard 2 + TF-IDF ensemble; the same carrier-level pattern also replicates with a fine-tuned roberta-base detector. We emphasize leakage ASR because downstream systems may act on quoted or reproduced markers even when the model refuses, but Strong ASR is the stricter metric for structurally compliant attack success. A 2 x 2 ablation shows that data-layer storage and reconstruction-layer fragmentation defeat different text views and that both are needed to evade both. A simple xxd detector and semantic validation block the current T3 instance, so the contribution is not an undetectable exploit but a measured failure boundary for text-only inspection in structured-input pipelines that expose reconstructed auxiliary channels to an LLM.
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References · 8
- 2023Jailbroken: How Does LLM Safety Training Fail?cited by 1,565
- 2023Not what you've signed up for: Compromising Real-World LLM-Integrated Applications with Indirect Prompt Injectioncited by 1,339
- 2023Llama Guard: LLM-based Input-Output Safeguard for Human-AI Conversationscited by 1,124
- 2022Ignore Previous Prompt: Attack Techniques For Language Modelscited by 760
- 2023Benchmarking and Defending Against Indirect Prompt Injection Attacks on Large Language Modelscited by 237
- 2024Defending Against Indirect Prompt Injection Attacks With Spotlightingcited by 233
- 2019Neural Linguistic Steganographycited by 73
- 2025Invisible Injections: Exploiting Vision-Language Models Through Steganographic Prompt Embeddingcited by 5
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