mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MCBench: A Multicontext Safety Assessment Benchmark for Omni Large Language Models

arXiv 2606.05177 ↗First posted 17 Apr 2026cs.CL cs.AI eess.AScited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Existing multimodal safety benchmarks focus solely on visual inputs and cannot assess Omni Large Language Models (LLMs) that process vision, audio, and text. We introduce MCBench, a benchmark with 1196 scenarios spanning four safety categories that require integrating multiple modalities for accurate safety assessment. Each unsafe scenario is paired with a minimally different safe counterpart to assess model sensitivity. Our evaluations of state-of-the-art models reveal significant challenges. Omni LLMs struggle with subtle or non-physical risks but perform better when salient visual or acoustic cues are present. Analysis of reasoning traces shows that, although models can extract modality-specific information, they often fail to integrate these cues effectively for safety judgments. Our findings reveal that current Omni LLMs lack robust cross-modal reasoning in safety-critical settings, underscoring the need for improved architectures and training strategies for multimodal safety.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Apr 2026.

Builds on

32 of 39 references.

References · 32

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
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20 more
  1. 2023XSTest: A Test Suite for Identifying Exaggerated Safety Behaviours in Large Language Modelscited by 477
  2. 2023WavCaps: A ChatGPT-Assisted Weakly-Labelled Audio Captioning Dataset for Audio-Language Multimodal Researchcited by 266
  3. 2024SORRY-Bench: Systematically Evaluating Large Language Model Safety Refusalcited by 224
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  11. 2024GAMA: A Large Audio-Language Model with Advanced Audio Understanding and Complex Reasoning Abilitiescited by 151
  12. 2025Baichuan-Omni-1.5 Technical Reportcited by 107
  13. 2024OmniBench: Towards The Future of Universal Omni-Language Modelscited by 100
  14. 2024Multimodal Situational Safetycited by 54
  15. 2025OmniVinci: Enhancing Architecture and Data for Omni-Modal Understanding LLMcited by 53
  16. 2025Can't See the Forest for the Trees: Benchmarking Multimodal Safety Awareness for Multimodal LLMscited by 22
  17. 2025CASE-Bench: Context-Aware SafEty Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 17
  18. 2025SAVVY: Spatial Awareness via Audio-Visual LLMs through Seeing and Hearingcited by 14
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

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  1. 2025Omni-SafetyBench: A Benchmark for Safety Evaluation of Audio-Visual Large Language Models
  2. 2025When Safe Unimodal Inputs Collide: Optimizing Reasoning Chains for Cross-Modal Safety in Multimodal Large Language Models
  3. 2026Transfer Safety Awareness for Cross-Modal Safety Drift in Multimodal Large Language Models
  4. 2025Rethinking Bottlenecks in Safety Fine-Tuning of Vision Language Models
  5. 2025MSR-Align: Policy-Grounded Multimodal Alignment for Safety-Aware Reasoning in Vision-Language Models
  6. 2025MSTS: A Multimodal Safety Test Suite for Vision-Language Models
  7. 2025VLSU: Mapping the Limits of Joint Multimodal Understanding for AI Safety
  8. 2026MME-Safety: A Fine-grained Benchmark for Safety Evaluation of MLLMs