Position: Good Embodied Reward Models Need Bad Behavior Data
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Abstract (arXiv)
This position paper argues that to obtain reliable embodied reward models, the community must invest in ``bad'' robot data: failed, suboptimal, error-prone, and even hazardous behaviors. While reward models are central to any foundation model's lifecycle, today's embodied reward models are trained primarily on successful behaviors. We analyze three state-of-the-art embodied reward models and find that they systematically over-reward behaviors that real human evaluators would penalize, including unsafe interactions, poor execution, and shortcut strategies that only superficially satisfy tasks. We attribute these failures to a key data gap: the scarcity of negative embodied data which is costly to collect and often filtered out or withheld in existing robotics datasets. Furthermore, we show that even modest exposure to real bad behavior data can improve alignment with human preferences and reduce costly false positives. We therefore call on the embodied AI community to curate and release their bad robot data, build synthetic bad data generation engines, develop more decentralized physical evaluation systems, and design benchmarks for fine-grained embodied reward model evaluations.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 31 May 2026.
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
- 2026CLIFT: Turning Gemini Robotics On-Device into Humanoid Specialists via Non-Invasive Closed-Loop Iterative Fine-Tuningcited by 1
- 2026AnyviewMeter: Adapting Robotic Reward Models with Camera Geometry and Multi-View Attentioncited by 0
- 2026Reward-DAgger: Robot-Gated Interactive Imitation Learning with General-Purpose Progress-Based Reward Modelscited by 0
- 2026Reward-DAgger: Robot-Gated Interactive Imitation Learning with General-Purpose Progress-Based Reward Models2 Oct 2026
- 2026AnyviewMeter: Adapting Robotic Reward Models with Camera Geometry and Multi-View Attention17 Sep 2026
- 2026CLIFT: Turning Gemini Robotics On-Device into Humanoid Specialists via Non-Invasive Closed-Loop Iterative Fine-Tuning31 Jul 2026