mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

The Trust Paradox: How CS Researchers Engage LLM Leaderboards

arXiv 2605.28966 ↗First posted 27 May 2026cs.CL cs.HCcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large language model (LLM) leaderboards rank AI models using standardized benchmarks and have become highly visible across computer science, despite known limitations in their reliability and robustness. Yet how they shape researchers' actual practice remains empirically uncharted. We address this gap through semi-structured interviews with eight researchers across four computer science subfields, analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. We find a near-universal paradox of pragmatic skepticism: while participants expressed deep distrust of leaderboard rankings, they continued to use them as rough decision-making aids. Peer networks, not leaderboards, emerged as the primary model selection mechanism, and arena-based (human-voting) leaderboards were consistently preferred over static benchmark leaderboards. Leaderboard influence varied sharply across subfields, revealing that disciplinary culture, not individual attitudes, mediates engagement; for instance, NLP researchers faced state-of-the-art comparison pressure while HCI and Systems/Privacy researchers reported none. Across these differences, however, participants converged on cost transparency as the most demanded missing feature (seven of eight). We translate these findings into concrete design recommendations that align evaluation infrastructure with how researchers actually use it, such as task-specific score breakdowns, cost integration, and voter-demographic disclosure.

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References · 13

  1. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
  2. 2022Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language modelscited by 1,998
  3. 2019Energy and Policy Considerations for Deep Learning in NLPcited by 1,254
  4. 2024Chatbot Arena: An Open Platform for Evaluating LLMs by Human Preferencecited by 1,184
  5. 2018Model Cards for Model Reportingcited by 1,080
  6. 2024When Benchmarks are Targets: Revealing the Sensitivity of Large Language Model Leaderboardscited by 137
  7. 2018Troubling Trends in Machine Learning Scholarshipcited by 108
  8. 2021Reduced, Reused and Recycled: The Life of a Dataset in Machine Learning Researchcited by 102
  9. 2025Can We Trust AI Benchmarks? An Interdisciplinary Review of Current Issues in AI Evaluationcited by 60
  10. 2021Uncertainty quantification in the Bradley-Terry-Luce modelcited by 29
  11. 2024Re-evaluating Automatic LLM System Ranking for Alignment with Human Preferencecited by 16
  12. 2024Ranking Unraveled: Recipes for LLM Rankings in Head-to-Head AI Combatcited by 8
1 more
  1. 2025Dropping Just a Handful of Preferences Can Change Top Large Language Model Rankingscited by 8

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