mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

GEM: Generative Supervision Helps Embodied Intelligence

arXiv 2605.28548 ↗First posted 27 May 2026cs.CVcited by 6

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Embodied and 3D vision-language models

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Embodied Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance and generalization in robotics, particularly within Vision-Language-Action frameworks. However, a significant gap remains between the high-level semantic focus of standard text-guided pre-training paradigms and the low-level spatial and physical knowledge critical for execution in embodied environments. In this paper, we introduce GEM, a Generative-supervised Embodied vision-language Model designed to bridge this divide. We propose integrating a depth map generation task directly into the VLM pre-training phase. By training this generative objective jointly with the main model, we observe substantial improvements in embodied intelligence, significantly enhancing both semantic understanding and physical operation capabilities. To support this paradigm, we curate and release GEM-4M, a comprehensive large-scale dataset featuring a mixture of grounding, reasoning, and planning data paired with high-quality depth supervision. Extensive experiments demonstrate that GEM achieves state-of-the-art results across diverse embodied benchmarks. Furthermore, our deployed action model, GEM-VLA, exhibits vastly superior task execution abilities in both simulation environments and real-world evaluations. Code, models, and datasets are available at https://zhaorw02.github.io/GEM/

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and 3D vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 87 of its 97 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 May 2026.

Builds on

87 of 97 references.

Closest ancestors · 19

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Vlaser: Vision-Language-Action Model with Synergistic Embodied Reasoning13 Oct
  2. 2025RoboRefer: Towards Spatial Referring with Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Robotics4 Jun
  3. 2025ShapeLLM-Omni: A Native Multimodal LLM for 3D Generation and Understanding2 Jun
  4. 2025Visual Embodied Brain: Let Multimodal Large Language Models See, Think, and Control in Spaces30 May
  5. 2025MMSI-Bench: A Benchmark for Multi-Image Spatial Intelligence29 May
  6. 2025VLM-3R: Vision-Language Models Augmented with Instruction-Aligned 3D Reconstruction26 May
  7. 2025Robo2VLM: Visual Question Answering from Large-Scale In-the-Wild Robot Manipulation Datasets21 May
  8. 2025Visuospatial Cognitive Assistant18 May
  9. 2025SpaceR: Reinforcing MLLMs in Video Spatial Reasoning2 Apr
  10. 2025From Flatland to Space: Teaching Vision-Language Models to Perceive and Reason in 3D29 Mar
  11. 2025CoT-VLA: Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Vision-Language-Action Models27 Mar
  12. 2025PointVLA: Injecting the 3D World into Vision-Language-Action Models10 Mar
7 more
  1. 2025RoboBrain: A Unified Brain Model for Robotic Manipulation from Abstract to Concrete28 Feb
  2. 2025UP-VLA: A Unified Understanding and Prediction Model for Embodied Agent31 Jan
  3. 2024Thinking in Space: How Multimodal Large Language Models See, Remember, and Recall Spaces18 Dec
  4. 2024RoboSpatial: Teaching Spatial Understanding to 2D and 3D Vision-Language Models for Robotics25 Nov
  5. 2024RoboPoint: A Vision-Language Model for Spatial Affordance Prediction for Robotics15 Jun
  6. 2024EmbSpatial-Bench: Benchmarking Spatial Understanding for Embodied Tasks with Large Vision-Language Models9 Jun
  7. 2023Vision-Language Foundation Models as Effective Robot Imitators2 Nov

Other references · 68

  1. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  2. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 8,851
  3. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  4. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
  5. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
  6. 2022Flow Matching for Generative Modelingcited by 5,426
  7. 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
  8. 2025Gemini 2.5: Pushing the Frontier with Advanced Reasoning, Multimodality, Long Context, and Next Generation Agentic Capabilitiescited by 3,655
  9. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
  10. 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2,777
  11. 2023Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusioncited by 2,730
  12. 2024LLaVA-OneVision: Easy Visual Task Transfercited by 2,669
38 more
  1. 2025Qwen3-VL Technical Reportcited by 2,534
  2. 2022RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scalecited by 2,007
  3. 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalizationcited by 1,653
  4. 2024Octo: An Open-Source Generalist Robot Policycited by 1,427
  5. 2025InternVL3.5: Advancing Open-Source Multimodal Models in Versatility, Reasoning, and Efficiencycited by 1,419
  6. 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,338
  7. 2024Cambrian-1: A Fully Open, Vision-Centric Exploration of Multimodal LLMscited by 822
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  10. 2018Open3D: A Modern Library for 3D Data Processingcited by 717
  11. 2024PaliGemma: A versatile 3B VLM for transfercited by 679
  12. 2025FAST: Efficient Action Tokenization for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 643
  13. 2025Depth Anything 3: Recovering the Visual Space from Any Viewscited by 626
  14. 2025SpatialVLA: Exploring Spatial Representations for Visual-Language-Action Modelcited by 502
  15. 2024Evaluating Real-World Robot Manipulation Policies in Simulationcited by 484
  16. 2021ARKitScenes: A Diverse Real-World Dataset For 3D Indoor Scene Understanding Using Mobile RGB-D Datacited by 442
  17. 2025AgiBot World Colosseo: A Large-scale Manipulation Platform for Scalable and Intelligent Embodied Systemscited by 390
  18. 2025WorldVLA: Towards Autoregressive Action World Modelcited by 351
  19. 2024TinyVLA: Towards Fast, Data-Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models for Robotic Manipulationcited by 331
  20. 2024SANA: Efficient High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Linear Diffusion Transformerscited by 331
  21. 20243D-VLA: A 3D Vision-Language-Action Generative World Modelcited by 320
  22. 2024TraceVLA: Visual Trace Prompting Enhances Spatial-Temporal Awareness for Generalist Robotic Policiescited by 298
  23. 2024Video Prediction Policy: A Generalist Robot Policy with Predictive Visual Representationscited by 279
  24. 2025DreamVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model Dreamed with Comprehensive World Knowledgecited by 203
  25. 2025MolmoAct: Action Reasoning Models that can Reason in Spacecited by 189
  26. 2025HybridVLA: Collaborative Diffusion and Autoregression in a Unified Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 176
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  28. 2025Cosmos-Reason1: From Physical Common Sense To Embodied Reasoningcited by 159
  29. 2025ThinkAct: Vision-Language-Action Reasoning via Reinforced Visual Latent Planningcited by 152
  30. 2023PACO: Parts and Attributes of Common Objectscited by 146
  31. 2025Magma: A Foundation Model for Multimodal AI Agentscited by 138
  32. 2025Genie Envisioner: A Unified World Foundation Platform for Robotic Manipulationcited by 129
  33. 2025Unified Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 128
  34. 2025Spatial Forcing: Implicit Spatial Representation Alignment for Vision-language-action Modelcited by 125
  35. 2025Cambrian-S: Towards Spatial Supersensing in Videocited by 123
  36. 2023RoboVQA: Multimodal Long-Horizon Reasoning for Roboticscited by 116
  37. 2025GR-3 Technical Reportcited by 110
  38. 2026A Pragmatic VLA Foundation Modelcited by 97

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 6.

6 papers.

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  1. 2026Vision-Language-Action in Robotics: A Survey of Datasets, Benchmarks, and Data Engines
  2. 2025Igniting VLMs toward the Embodied Space
  3. 2026GigaBrain-0.7: Scaling Embodied Foundation Models to Emergent Capabilities with a Three-System Architecture
  4. 2025Efficient Vision-Language-Action Models for Embodied Manipulation: A Systematic Survey
  5. 2023EmbodiedGPT: Vision-Language Pre-Training via Embodied Chain of Thought
  6. 2025EmbodiedBrain: Expanding Performance Boundaries of Task Planning for Embodied Intelligence
  7. 2025An Anatomy of Vision-Language-Action Models: From Modules to Milestones and Challenges
  8. 2026MachEmbodied-U0: Unified Understanding and Generation Model for Embodied Intelligence