Elias in the Lighthouse, Again? Diagnosing Low Diversity in LLM Stories
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Abstract (arXiv)
LLM-generated stories are a popular use case, but they show very low variability. We sample 20,000 total stories from four current models using five prompts. We find that 11 words occur in 88.3% of generated stories, with little difference between models. These words include names (Elias, Mara, Elara), settings (lighthouses), and professions (clockmaker, librarian). These tokens do not often occur in published literature nor pre-training data, but they are found in preference data that is likely to have been used by all current models. Surprisingly, these "lighthouse" stories are infrequent when compared with the average post-training story, much of which contains references to copyrighted characters or adult content. This result demonstrates the potentially disproportionate impact of small datasets combined with powerful alignment algorithms.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 May 2026.
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References · 9
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
- 2023Understanding the Effects of RLHF on LLM Generalisation and Diversitycited by 396
- 2023Generative artificial intelligence enhances creativity but reduces the diversity of novel contentcited by 167
- 2024A Note on Shumailov et al. (2024): `AI Models Collapse When Trained on Recursively Generated Data'cited by 115
- 2025NoveltyBench: Evaluating Language Models for Humanlike Diversitycited by 66
- 2025Modifying Large Language Model Post-Training for Diverse Creative Writingcited by 40
- 2024Detecting Mode Collapse in Language Models via Narrationcited by 24
- 2025Control the Temperature: Selective Sampling for Diverse and High-Quality LLM Outputscited by 15
- 2024The GPT-WritingPrompts Dataset: A Comparative Analysis of Character Portrayal in Short Storiescited by 8
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