Towards Large Model Feature Coding
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Large models have delivered remarkable performance across a wide range of perception and generation tasks, yet practical deployment is increasingly constrained by computational and memory budgets, as well as privacy requirements. Split execution alleviates these constraints by partitioning computation across devices, but it inevitably introduces intensive transmission and storage of intermediate features. Unlike conventional feature coding for CNNs that typically targets homogeneous spatial activation maps, modern large models generate heterogeneous features with varying statistical distributions and compression tolerances, e.g., multi-level/multi-modal representations and autoregressive context caches. These characteristics necessitate treating large model feature coding (LaMoFC) as a fundamental system component and call for a systematic evaluation framework. In this paper, we present a comprehensive benchmark and evaluation framework for LaMoFC. We first build the feature dataset LaMoFCBench, covering diverse task requirements across 4 categories and 16 scenarios while integrating widelyadopted architectures and various split-computing settings. We then specify representative split points according to practical application scenarios to extract intermediate features, establishing a unified pipeline for fair and reproducible comparisons. Finally, we benchmark mainstream universal feature codecs, exposing the profound misalignment between existing coding paradigms and the heterogeneous nature of large model features. These findings reveal that LaMoFC demands a fundamental departure from existing paradigms, and LaMoFCBench provides the shared empirical foundation to drive this transition. The data and code will be available at https://github.com/lartpang/LaMoFCBench.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 70 of its 100 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 May 2026.
Builds on
70 of 100 references.
References · 70
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,599
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
- 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,586
- 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,503
38 more
- 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,886
- 2023Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spacescited by 4,718
- 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
- 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,100
- 2022Training Compute-Optimal Large Language Modelscited by 3,019
- 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,975
- 2021Masked-attention Mask Transformer for Universal Image Segmentationcited by 2,351
- 2022GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformerscited by 1,919
- 2020The Many Faces of Robustness: A Critical Analysis of Out-of-Distribution Generalizationcited by 1,850
- 2021Vision Transformers for Dense Predictioncited by 1,803
- 2020GShard: Scaling Giant Models with Conditional Computation and Automatic Shardingcited by 1,631
- 2015Microsoft COCO Captions: Data Collection and Evaluation Servercited by 1,462
- 2025DINOv3cited by 1,414
- 2019Natural Adversarial Examplescited by 1,408
- 2018Variational image compression with a scale hyperpriorcited by 935
- 2023H2O: Heavy-Hitter Oracle for Efficient Generative Inference of Large Language Modelscited by 832
- 2024KVQuant: Towards 10 Million Context Length LLM Inference with KV Cache Quantizationcited by 591
- 2017Deep Learning Scaling is Predictable, Empiricallycited by 582
- 2023Scissorhands: Exploiting the Persistence of Importance Hypothesis for LLM KV Cache Compression at Test Timecited by 439
- 2018Split learning for health: Distributed deep learning without sharing raw patient datacited by 395
- 2023A Survey on Model Compression for Large Language Modelscited by 269
- 2023Challenges and Applications of Large Language Modelscited by 254
- 2025Kimi-Audio Technical Reportcited by 222
- 2024VoiceBench: Benchmarking LLM-Based Voice Assistantscited by 200
- 2020Privacy and Robustness in Federated Learning: Attacks and Defensescited by 166
- 2024OpenFedLLM: Training Large Language Models on Decentralized Private Data via Federated Learningcited by 128
- 2021Split Computing and Early Exiting for Deep Learning Applications: Survey and Research Challengescited by 115
- 2024On Protecting the Data Privacy of Large Language Models (LLMs): A Surveycited by 96
- 2020Video Coding for Machines: A Paradigm of Collaborative Compression and Intelligent Analyticscited by 80
- 2024Falcon Mamba: The First Competitive Attention-free 7B Language Modelcited by 46
- 2024USTC-TD: A Test Dataset and Benchmark for Image and Video Coding in 2020scited by 37
- 2022Image Coding for Machines with Omnipotent Feature Learningcited by 31
- 2020Towards Analysis-friendly Face Representation with Scalable Feature and Texture Compressioncited by 28
- 2024Object Segmentation-Assisted Inter Prediction for Versatile Video Codingcited by 22
- 2022Preprocessing Enhanced Image Compression for Machine Visioncited by 18
- 2025Task-Oriented Feature Compression for Multimodal Understanding via Device-Edge Co-Inferencecited by 18
- 2021Latent-space scalability for multi-task collaborative intelligencecited by 17
- 2023Outlier Dimensions Encode Task-Specific Knowledgecited by 15
50 most cited of 70 All 70 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
1 paper.