Holistic Evaluation and Failure Diagnosis of AI Agents
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Abstract (arXiv)
AI agents execute complex multi-step processes, but current evaluation falls short: outcome metrics report success or failure without explaining why, and process-level approaches struggle to connect failure types to their precise locations within long, structured traces. We present a holistic agent evaluation framework that pairs top-down agent-level diagnosis with bottom-up span-level evaluation, decomposing analysis into independent per-span assessments. This decomposition scales to traces of arbitrary length and produces span-level rationales for each verdict. On the TRAIL benchmark, our framework achieves state-of-the-art results across all metrics on both GAIA and SWE-Bench, with relative gains over the strongest prior baselines of up to 38% on category F1, up to 3.5x on localization accuracy, and up to 12.5x on joint localization-categorization accuracy. Per-category analysis shows our framework leading in more error categories than any other evaluator. Notably, the same frontier model achieves several times higher localization accuracy when used inside our framework than as a monolithic judge over the full trace, showing that evaluation methodology, not model capability, is the bottleneck.
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References · 14
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
- 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,193
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
- 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agentscited by 1,211
- 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,084
- 2025Why Do Multi-Agent LLM Systems Fail?cited by 559
- 2024AgentBoard: An Analytical Evaluation Board of Multi-turn LLM Agentscited by 319
- 2024Agent-as-a-Judge: Evaluate Agents with Agentscited by 223
- 2025Which Agent Causes Task Failures and When? On Automated Failure Attribution of LLM Multi-Agent Systemscited by 170
- 2024Autonomous Evaluation and Refinement of Digital Agentscited by 136
- 2025AgentRewardBench: Evaluating Automatic Evaluations of Web Agent Trajectoriescited by 99
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