Useful Memories Become Faulty When Continuously Updated by LLMs
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems
Abstract (arXiv)
Learning from past experience benefits from two complementary forms of memory: episodic traces -- raw trajectories of what happened -- and consolidated abstractions distilled across many episodes into reusable, schema-like lessons. Recent agentic-memory systems pursue the consolidated form: an LLM rewrites past trajectories into a textual memory bank that it continuously updates with new interactions, promising self-improving agents without parameter updates. Yet we find that such consolidated memories produced by today's LLMs are often faulty even when derived from useful experiences. As consolidation proceeds, memory utility first rises, then degrades, and can fall below the no-memory baseline. More surprisingly, even when consolidating from ground-truth solutions, GPT-5.4 fails on 54% of a set of ARC-AGI problems it had previously solved without memory. We trace the regression to the consolidation step rather than the underlying experience: the same trajectories yield qualitatively different memories under different update schedules, and an episodic-only control that simply retains those trajectories remains competitive with the consolidators we test. In a controlled ARC-AGI Stream environment that exposes Retain, Delete, and Consolidate actions, agents preserve raw episodes by default and double the accuracy of their forced-consolidation counterparts; disabling consolidation entirely (episodic management only) matches this auto regime. Practically, robust agent memory should treat raw episodes as first-class evidence and gate consolidation explicitly rather than firing it after every interaction. Looking forward, reliable agentic memory will require LLMs that can consolidate without overwriting the evidence they depend on.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. First posted on arXiv 13 May 2026.
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 15.
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- 2026TOKI: A Bitemporal Operator Algebra for Contradiction Resolution in LLM-Agent Persistent Memorycited by 7
- 2026From Faulty Memories to Corrected Actions: Dependency-Guided Rollback Repair for Memory-Augmented Agentscited by 4
- 2026Filesystem-Based Memory for LLM Agents: Organization, Evolution, and Sustainabilitycited by 3
- 2026Memory Reward Inflation in Self-Improving LLM Agentscited by 3
- 2026Agent Memory Is a Surface for Endogenous Authorization Launderingcited by 3
- 2026Test-Time Learning with an Evolving Librarycited by 2
- 2026CORE: Contrastive Reflection Enables Rapid Improvements in Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026Memory Contagion: Cross-Temporal Propagation of Evaluator Bias via Agent Memorycited by 1
- 2026Engineering Reliable Coding Agents: Evaluating and Operating the System Around the Modelcited by 1
- 2026When Errors Become Memories: Causal Pathway Tracing in Multi-Turn Memory-Augmented LLMscited by 1
- 2026MemTools: A Unified Research Framework for Interoperable Agent Memorycited by 0
- 2026MemTrapBench: Benchmarking Cognitive Traps in LLM Memory Usecited by 0
3 more
- 2026Self-Evolving Multimedia Verification through Memory Consolidation of Contestation Experiencescited by 0
- 2026Emergi-PersonaOS: A Persona Agent Operating System for Situational Adaptation and Controllable Evolutioncited by 0
- 2026The Delegation Danger Band: Why Mid-Capability Sub-Agents Over-Trust Inherited Stale Statecited by 0
- 2026Emergi-PersonaOS: A Persona Agent Operating System for Situational Adaptation and Controllable Evolution23 Sep 2026
- 2026Self-Evolving Multimedia Verification through Memory Consolidation of Contestation Experiences23 Sep 2026
- 2026The Delegation Danger Band: Why Mid-Capability Sub-Agents Over-Trust Inherited Stale State3 Sep 2026
- 2026Agent Memory Is a Surface for Endogenous Authorization Laundering1 Sep 2026
- 2026When Errors Become Memories: Causal Pathway Tracing in Multi-Turn Memory-Augmented LLMs31 Aug 2026
- 2026MemTrapBench: Benchmarking Cognitive Traps in LLM Memory Use20 Aug 2026
- 2026Engineering Reliable Coding Agents: Evaluating and Operating the System Around the Model14 Aug 2026
- 2026From Faulty Memories to Corrected Actions: Dependency-Guided Rollback Repair for Memory-Augmented Agents11 Aug 2026
- 2026Filesystem-Based Memory for LLM Agents: Organization, Evolution, and Sustainability29 Jul 2026
- 2026MemTools: A Unified Research Framework for Interoperable Agent Memory23 Jul 2026
- 2026Memory Reward Inflation in Self-Improving LLM Agents29 Jun 2026
- 2026Memory Contagion: Cross-Temporal Propagation of Evaluator Bias via Agent Memory22 Jun 2026
- 2026TOKI: A Bitemporal Operator Algebra for Contradiction Resolution in LLM-Agent Persistent Memorycited by 7
- 2026From Faulty Memories to Corrected Actions: Dependency-Guided Rollback Repair for Memory-Augmented Agentscited by 4
- 2026Filesystem-Based Memory for LLM Agents: Organization, Evolution, and Sustainabilitycited by 3
- 2026Memory Reward Inflation in Self-Improving LLM Agentscited by 3
- 2026Agent Memory Is a Surface for Endogenous Authorization Launderingcited by 3
- 2026Memory Contagion: Cross-Temporal Propagation of Evaluator Bias via Agent Memorycited by 1
- 2026Engineering Reliable Coding Agents: Evaluating and Operating the System Around the Modelcited by 1
- 2026Agent Memory Is a Surface for Endogenous Authorization Laundering1 Sep 2026
- 2026Engineering Reliable Coding Agents: Evaluating and Operating the System Around the Model14 Aug 2026
- 2026From Faulty Memories to Corrected Actions: Dependency-Guided Rollback Repair for Memory-Augmented Agents11 Aug 2026
- 2026Filesystem-Based Memory for LLM Agents: Organization, Evolution, and Sustainability29 Jul 2026
- 2026Memory Reward Inflation in Self-Improving LLM Agents29 Jun 2026
- 2026Memory Contagion: Cross-Temporal Propagation of Evaluator Bias via Agent Memory22 Jun 2026
- 2026TOKI: A Bitemporal Operator Algebra for Contradiction Resolution in LLM-Agent Persistent Memory4 Jun 2026
- 2026Test-Time Learning with an Evolving Librarycited by 2
- 2026When Errors Become Memories: Causal Pathway Tracing in Multi-Turn Memory-Augmented LLMscited by 1
- 2026MemTools: A Unified Research Framework for Interoperable Agent Memorycited by 0
- 2026MemTrapBench: Benchmarking Cognitive Traps in LLM Memory Usecited by 0
- 2026Self-Evolving Multimedia Verification through Memory Consolidation of Contestation Experiencescited by 0
- 2026Emergi-PersonaOS: A Persona Agent Operating System for Situational Adaptation and Controllable Evolutioncited by 0
- 2026The Delegation Danger Band: Why Mid-Capability Sub-Agents Over-Trust Inherited Stale Statecited by 0
- 2026Emergi-PersonaOS: A Persona Agent Operating System for Situational Adaptation and Controllable Evolution23 Sep 2026
- 2026Self-Evolving Multimedia Verification through Memory Consolidation of Contestation Experiences23 Sep 2026
- 2026The Delegation Danger Band: Why Mid-Capability Sub-Agents Over-Trust Inherited Stale State3 Sep 2026
- 2026When Errors Become Memories: Causal Pathway Tracing in Multi-Turn Memory-Augmented LLMs31 Aug 2026
- 2026MemTrapBench: Benchmarking Cognitive Traps in LLM Memory Use20 Aug 2026
- 2026MemTools: A Unified Research Framework for Interoperable Agent Memory23 Jul 2026
- 2026Test-Time Learning with an Evolving Library14 May 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2026The Epistemics of Agent Memory: Measuring, and Governing, the Consolidation Decision in Long-Horizon LLM Agents
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- 2025How Memory Management Impacts LLM Agents: An Empirical Study of Experience-Following Behavior
- 2026RaMem: Contextual Reinstatement for Long-term Agentic Memory
- 2026What to Keep, What to Forget: A Rate--Distortion View of Memory Compaction in LLMs and Agents
- 2026MemHarness: Memory Is Reconstructed, Not Replayed
- 2026Memory as a Controlled Process: Learned Adaptive Memory Management for LLM Agents