mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Useful Memories Become Faulty When Continuously Updated by LLMs

arXiv 2605.12978 ↗First posted 13 May 2026cs.AIcited by 15

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems

Abstract (arXiv)

Learning from past experience benefits from two complementary forms of memory: episodic traces -- raw trajectories of what happened -- and consolidated abstractions distilled across many episodes into reusable, schema-like lessons. Recent agentic-memory systems pursue the consolidated form: an LLM rewrites past trajectories into a textual memory bank that it continuously updates with new interactions, promising self-improving agents without parameter updates. Yet we find that such consolidated memories produced by today's LLMs are often faulty even when derived from useful experiences. As consolidation proceeds, memory utility first rises, then degrades, and can fall below the no-memory baseline. More surprisingly, even when consolidating from ground-truth solutions, GPT-5.4 fails on 54% of a set of ARC-AGI problems it had previously solved without memory. We trace the regression to the consolidation step rather than the underlying experience: the same trajectories yield qualitatively different memories under different update schedules, and an episodic-only control that simply retains those trajectories remains competitive with the consolidators we test. In a controlled ARC-AGI Stream environment that exposes Retain, Delete, and Consolidate actions, agents preserve raw episodes by default and double the accuracy of their forced-consolidation counterparts; disabling consolidation entirely (episodic management only) matches this auto regime. Practically, robust agent memory should treat raw episodes as first-class evidence and gate consolidation explicitly rather than firing it after every interaction. Looking forward, reliable agentic memory will require LLMs that can consolidate without overwriting the evidence they depend on.

Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. First posted on arXiv 13 May 2026.

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  1. 2026The Epistemics of Agent Memory: Measuring, and Governing, the Consolidation Decision in Long-Horizon LLM Agents
  2. 2026When Continual Learning Moves to Memory: A Study of Experience Reuse in LLM Agents
  3. 2026Understanding and Mitigating Inference-Time Overreliance Using Agentic Memory
  4. 2025How Memory Management Impacts LLM Agents: An Empirical Study of Experience-Following Behavior
  5. 2026RaMem: Contextual Reinstatement for Long-term Agentic Memory
  6. 2026What to Keep, What to Forget: A Rate--Distortion View of Memory Compaction in LLMs and Agents
  7. 2026MemHarness: Memory Is Reconstructed, Not Replayed
  8. 2026Memory as a Controlled Process: Learned Adaptive Memory Management for LLM Agents