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In Data or Invisible: Toward a Better Digital Representation of Low-Resource Languages with Knowledge Graphs

arXiv 2605.05931 ↗First posted 7 May 2026cs.AIcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Emerging digital technologies are exacerbating the existing divide in Open Access Data (OAD) between high-and low-resource languages, excluding many communities from participating in the global digital transformation. In this PhD proposal, we aim to address this gap, focusing on the language coverage of Linked Open Data knowledge graphs (LOD KGs). First, we identify key variables that characterize language distribution in LOD, including the number of Wikipedia articles per language edition and the number of language-tagged entities in LOD KGs. These variables are analyzed across three major multilingual LOD KGs, DBpedia, BabelNet, and Wikidata, providing insights into the representation and distribution of languages within LOD. Building on this analysis, we intend to study the impact of cross-lingual transfer candidate selection on the task of multilingual KG completion. In particular, we plan to investigate strategies based on linguistic proximity and the availability of curated annotated alignments between languages. Language proximity also motivates us to explore the benefits of analogical reasoning that relies on (dis)similarities and has not yet been investigated to identify correspondences across languages to improve KG completion performance and enhance language coverage in LOD.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 May 2026.

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25 of 52 references.

References · 25

  1. 2020The State and Fate of Linguistic Diversity and Inclusion in the NLP Worldcited by 798
  2. 2020Knowledge Graphscited by 621
  3. 2024Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Surveycited by 324
  4. 2019Massively Multilingual Neural Machine Translationcited by 246
  5. 2023Having Beer after Prayer? Measuring Cultural Bias in Large Language Modelscited by 153
  6. 2020Bringing Light Into the Dark: A Large-scale Evaluation of Knowledge Graph Embedding Models Under a Unified Frameworkcited by 70
  7. 2023Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challengescited by 70
  8. 2024Opportunities and Challenges of Large Language Models for Low-Resource Languages in Humanities Researchcited by 27
  9. 2020Multilingual Knowledge Graph Completion via Ensemble Knowledge Transfercited by 25
  10. 2022Multilingual Knowledge Graph Completion with Self-Supervised Adaptive Graph Alignmentcited by 24
  11. 2021Graph Entropy Guided Node Embedding Dimension Selection for Graph Neural Networkscited by 13
  12. 2024The Zeno's Paradox of `Low-Resource' Languagescited by 12
13 more
  1. 2022Information Extraction in Low-Resource Scenarios: Survey and Perspectivecited by 10
  2. 2023Relevant Entity Selection: Knowledge Graph Bootstrapping via Zero-Shot Analogical Pruningcited by 7
  3. 2023Investigating Multi-Pivot Ensembling with Massively Multilingual Machine Translation Modelscited by 5
  4. 2023Diversity and Language Technology: How Techno-Linguistic Bias Can Cause Epistemic Injusticecited by 4
  5. 2023Inductive Knowledge Graph Completion with GNNs and Rules: An Analysiscited by 4
  6. 2024Multilingual Knowledge Graph Completion from Pretrained Language Models with Knowledge Constraintscited by 4
  7. 2021PENELOPIE: Enabling Open Information Extraction for the Greek Language through Machine Translationcited by 3
  8. 2022Joint Multilingual Knowledge Graph Completion and Alignmentcited by 3
  9. 2023Solving morphological analogies: from retrieval to generationcited by 3
  10. 2021Tackling Morphological Analogies Using Deep Learning -- Extended Versioncited by 2
  11. 2025Multilingual Knowledge Graph Completion via Efficient Multilingual Knowledge Sharingcited by 2
  12. 2023Massively Multilingual Language Models for Cross Lingual Fact Extraction from Low Resource Indian Languagescited by 1
  13. 2025A systematic review of relation extraction task since the emergence of Transformerscited by 1

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  1. 2022Adapters for Enhanced Modeling of Multilingual Knowledge and Text
  2. 2024Synergizing Knowledge Graphs with Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Review and Future Prospects ↗
  3. 2026Where's Waldo? Query-language Preference under Cross-lingual Knowledge Disparities
  4. 2026Think Before You Link: Rarity, Reasoning, and Retrieval in Multilingual Entity Linking
  5. 2024Not All Languages are Equal: Insights into Multilingual Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  6. 2023Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap
  7. 2026Benchmarking Large Language Models for Knowledge Graph Validation
  8. 2023Rethinking Language Models as Symbolic Knowledge Graphs