The Diffusion-Attention Connection

Softmax attention is the row-normalized operator of a diffusion map: both normalize a learned score into a Markov operator, and differ only in what the score is allowed to contain. Decomposing that score reveals three geometric sectors: a metric core with Witten-Laplacian continuum limit, an exact node-potential sector corresponding to a Markov--Witten change of measure, and a circulating sector realized as irreversible Markov--Girsanov transport or as a magnetic U(1) phase. Attention thereby becomes auditable in familiar mathematics: every trained head carries measurable geometry, potential, and flux, while standard mechanisms acquire geometric addresses---Coifman--Lafon normalization as an exact density correction, rotary embeddings as pure gauge, and AdaLN as a Cauchy--Green deformation combined with an Witten deformation. Experiments on pretrained diffusion transformers and language models test this decomposition: enforcing positive-semi-definite geometry is nearly free, consistent with the identification, whereas removing circulation incurs a substantial cost, sharpest on induction.