EmoMAS: Emotion-Aware Multi-Agent System for High-Stakes Edge-Deployable Negotiation with Bayesian Orchestration
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Social simulation and multi-agent debate
Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) has been widely used for automated negotiation, but their high computational cost and privacy risks limit deployment in privacy-sensitive, on-device settings such as mobile assistants or rescue robots. Small language models (SLMs) offer a viable alternative, yet struggle with the complex emotional dynamics of high-stakes negotiation. We introduces EmoMAS, a Bayesian multi-agent framework that transforms emotional decision-making from reactive to strategic. EmoMAS leverages a Bayesian orchestrator to coordinate three specialized agents: game-theoretic, reinforcement learning, and psychological coherence models. The system fuses their real-time insights to optimize emotional state transitions while continuously updating agent reliability based on negotiation feedback. This mixture-of-agents architecture enables online strategy learning without pre-training. We further introduce four high-stakes, edge-deployable negotiation benchmarks across debt, healthcare, emergency response, and educational domains. Through extensive agent-to-agent simulations across all benchmarks, both SLMs and LLMs equipped with EmoMAS consistently surpass all baseline models in negotiation performance while balancing ethical behavior. These results show that strategic emotional intelligence is also the key driver of negotiation success. By treating emotional expression as a strategic variable within a Bayesian multi-agent optimization framework, EmoMAS establishes a new paradigm for effective, private, and adaptive negotiation AI suitable for high-stakes edge deployment.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Social simulation and multi-agent debate, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 9 of its 14 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2026.
Builds on
9 of 14 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2025EvoEmo: Towards Evolved Emotional Policies for Adversarial LLM Agents in Multi-Turn Price Negotiation4 Sep
- 2025EmoDebt: Bayesian-Optimized Emotional Intelligence for Strategic Agent-to-Agent Debt Recovery27 Mar
Other references · 7
- 2024Mixture-of-Agents Enhances Large Language Model Capabilitiescited by 420
- 2025Small Language Models are the Future of Agentic AIcited by 254
- 2024The Emerged Security and Privacy of LLM Agent: A Survey with Case Studiescited by 127
- 2024Small Language Models: Survey, Measurements, and Insightscited by 109
- 2025MathAgent: Leveraging a Mixture-of-Math-Agent Framework for Real-World Multimodal Mathematical Error Detectioncited by 24
- 2024LLMvsSmall Model? Large Language Model Based Text Augmentation Enhanced Personality Detection Modelcited by 21
- 2025EQ-Negotiator: Dynamic Emotional Personas Empower Small Language Models for Edge-Deployable Credit Negotiationcited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026Mem2Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillationcited by 10
- 2026ReContraster: Making Your Posters Stand Out with Regional Contrastcited by 0
- 2026VeriTrace: Evolving Mental Models for Deep Research Agentscited by 0
- 2026EmoDistill: Offline Emotion Skill Distillation for Language Model Agents in Adversarial Negotiationcited by 0
- 2026Causal Evidence Extraction and Triangulation in Crisis Reports using Large Language Models: A ReliefWeb-based Studycited by 0
- 2026Causal Evidence Extraction and Triangulation in Crisis Reports using Large Language Models: A ReliefWeb-based Study5 Aug 2026
- 2026EmoDistill: Offline Emotion Skill Distillation for Language Model Agents in Adversarial Negotiation26 May 2026
- 2026VeriTrace: Evolving Mental Models for Deep Research Agents25 May 2026
- 2026Mem2Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation13 Apr 2026
- 2026ReContraster: Making Your Posters Stand Out with Regional Contrast12 Apr 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026On Emotion-Sensitive Decision Making of Small Language Model Agents
- 2026PieArena: Ranking and Profiling Language Agents in Realistic Negotiation Scenarios
- 2025Emotional Cognitive Modeling Framework with Desire-Driven Objective Optimization for LLM-empowered Agent in Social Simulation
- 2026PRISMA: Preference-Reinforced Self-Training Approach for Interpretable Emotionally Intelligent Negotiation Dialogues
- 2025LLM Agents for Bargaining with Utility-based Feedback
- 2024NegotiationToM: A Benchmark for Stress-testing Machine Theory of Mind on Negotiation Surrounding
- 2025Strategic Tradeoffs Between Humans and AI in Multi-Agent Bargaining
- 2024Game-theoretic LLM: Agent Workflow for Negotiation Games