Springdrift: An Auditable Persistent Runtime for LLM Agents with Case-Based Memory, Normative Safety, and Ambient Self-Perception
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent memory systems
Abstract (arXiv)
We present Springdrift, a persistent runtime for long-lived LLM agents. The system integrates an auditable execution substrate (append-only memory, supervised processes, git-backed recovery), a case-based reasoning memory layer with hybrid retrieval (evaluated against a dense cosine baseline), a deterministic normative calculus for safety gating with auditable axiom trails, and continuous ambient self-perception via a structured self-state representation (the sensorium) injected each cycle without tool calls. These properties support behaviours difficult to achieve in session-bounded systems: cross-session task continuity, cross-channel context maintenance, end-to-end forensic reconstruction of decisions, and self-diagnostic behaviour. We report on a single-instance deployment over 23 days (19 operating days), during which the agent diagnosed its own infrastructure bugs, classified failure modes, identified an architectural vulnerability, and maintained context across email and web channels -- without explicit instruction. We introduce the term Artificial Retainer for this category: a non-human system with persistent memory, defined authority, domain-specific autonomy, and forensic accountability in an ongoing relationship with a specific principal -- distinguished from software assistants and autonomous agents, drawing on professional retainer relationships and the bounded autonomy of trained working animals. This is a technical report on a systems design and deployment case study, not a benchmark-driven evaluation. Evidence is from a single instance with a single operator, presented as illustration of what these architectural properties can support in practice. Implemented in approximately Gleam on Erlang/OTP. Code, artefacts, and redacted operational logs will be available at https://github.com/seamus-brady/springdrift upon publication.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent memory systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 9 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Apr 2026.
Builds on
9 of 31 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
Other references · 8
- 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
- 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
- 2022Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedbackcited by 2,950
- 2023AutoGen: Enabling Next-Gen LLM Applications via Multi-Agent Conversationcited by 1,906
- 2023MemGPT: Towards LLMs as Operating Systemscited by 1,295
- 2018Model Cards for Model Reportingcited by 1,068
- 2026Why AI systems don't learn and what to do about it: Lessons on autonomous learning from cognitive sciencecited by 8
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026Memory as Infrastructure: Reliability Engineering for Persistent Agent Memory in Months-Long LLM-Assisted Development
- 2026Shared Selective Persistent Memory for Agentic LLM Systems
- 2026Human-Inspired Memory Architecture for LLM Agents
- 2026PLACEMEM: Toward a Compute-Aware Memory Plane for Lifelong Agents
- 2026InfiAgent: An Infinite-Horizon Framework for General-Purpose Autonomous Agents
- 2026A Survey on Long-Term Memory Security in LLM Agents: Attacks, Defenses, and Governance Across the Memory Lifecycle
- 2026Governed Persistent Memory: Source-Bound State Semantics and Fail-Closed Release for Long-Horizon Agents
- 2026SMSR: Certified Defence Against Runtime Memory Poisoning in Persistent LLM Agent Systems