OrgForge-IT: A Verifiable Synthetic Benchmark for LLM-Based Insider Threat Detection
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Abstract (arXiv)
Synthetic insider threat benchmarks face a consistency problem: corpora generated without an external factual constraint cannot rule out cross-artifact contradictions. The CERT dataset -- the field's canonical benchmark -- is also static, lacks cross-surface correlation scenarios, and predates the LLM era. We present OrgForge-IT, a verifiable synthetic benchmark in which a deterministic simulation engine maintains ground truth and language models generate only surface prose, making cross-artifact consistency an architectural guarantee. The corpus spans 51 simulated days, 2,904 telemetry records at a 96.4% noise rate, and four detection scenarios designed to defeat single-surface and single-day triage strategies across three threat classes and eight injectable behaviors. A ten-model leaderboard reveals several findings: (1) triage and verdict accuracy dissociate - eight models achieve identical triage F1=0.80 yet split between verdict F1=1.0 and 0.80; (2) baseline false-positive rate is a necessary companion to verdict F1, with models at identical verdict accuracy differing by two orders of magnitude on triage noise; (3) victim attribution in the vishing scenario separates tiers - Tier A models exonerate the compromised account holder while Tier B models detect the attack but misclassify the victim; (4) rigid multi-signal thresholds structurally exclude single-surface negligent insiders, demonstrating the necessity of parallel, threat-class-specific triage pipelines; and (5) agentic software-engineering training acts as a force multiplier for multi-day temporal correlation, but only when paired with frontier-level parameter scale. Finally, prompt sensitivity analysis reveals that unstructured prompts induce vocabulary hallucination, motivating a two-track scoring framework separating prompt adherence from reasoning capability. OrgForge-IT is open source under the MIT license.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 15 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Mar 2026.
Builds on
9 of 15 references.
References · 9
- 2017Malware Detection by Eating a Whole EXEcited by 114
- 2019A Survey of Network-based Intrusion Detection Data Setscited by 46
- 2025CORTEX: Collaborative LLM Agents for High-Stakes Alert Triagecited by 14
- 2025CyberSOCEval: Benchmarking LLMs Capabilities for Malware Analysis and Threat Intelligence Reasoningcited by 12
- 2025Chimera: Harnessing Multi-Agent LLMs for Automatic Insider Threat Simulationcited by 4
- 2025Benchmarking LLM-Assisted Blue Teaming via Standardized Threat Huntingcited by 4
- 2025LLMLogAnalyzer: A Clustering-Based Log Analysis Chatbot using Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025User-Based Sequential Modeling with Transformer Encoders for Insider Threat Detectioncited by 1
- 2025An Ethically Grounded LLM-Based Approach to Insider Threat Synthesis and Detectioncited by 1
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.
4 papers.
- 2026GroundEval: A Deterministic Replacement for LLM-as-Judge in Stateful Agent Evaluationcited by 4
- 2026HBEE: Human Behavioral Entropy Engine -- Pre-Registered Multi-Agent LLM Simulation of Peer-Suspicion-Based Detection Inversioncited by 0
- 2026Ground Truth First: A Longitudinal Evaluation Instrument for Agent Memory, and the Tenure Crossover in Memory-Architecture Rankingscited by 0
- 2026MOLE: Detecting Insider Threats in AI Agentscited by 0
- 2026MOLE: Detecting Insider Threats in AI Agents7 Sep 2026
- 2026Ground Truth First: A Longitudinal Evaluation Instrument for Agent Memory, and the Tenure Crossover in Memory-Architecture Rankings24 Jul 2026
- 2026GroundEval: A Deterministic Replacement for LLM-as-Judge in Stateful Agent Evaluation22 Jun 2026
- 2026HBEE: Human Behavioral Entropy Engine -- Pre-Registered Multi-Agent LLM Simulation of Peer-Suspicion-Based Detection Inversion8 May 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
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- 2026Cyber Defense Benchmark: Agentic Threat Hunting Evaluation for LLMs in SecOps
- 2025DMFI: A Dual-Modality Log Analysis Framework for Insider Threat Detection with LoRA-Tuned Language Models
- 2025AthenaBench: A Dynamic Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs in Cyber Threat Intelligence
- 2024Audit-LLM: Multi-Agent Collaboration for Log-based Insider Threat Detection
- 2025aiXamine: Simplified LLM Safety and Security
- 2025CTIConnect: A Benchmark for Retrieval-Augmented LLMs over Heterogeneous Cyber Threat Intelligence
- 2025Uncovering Vulnerabilities of LLM-Assisted Cyber Threat Intelligence