mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Is Your LLM-as-a-Recommender Agent Trustable? LLMs' Recommendation is Easily Hacked by Biases (Preferences)

arXiv 2603.17417 ↗First posted 18 Mar 2026cs.CY cs.MAcited by 3

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agentic recommender systems

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) are gradually exploited in practically valuable agentic workflows such as Deep Research, E-commerce recommendation, and job recruitment. In these applications, LLMs need to select some optimal solutions from massive candidates, which we term as textitLLM-as-a-Recommender paradigm. However, the reliability of using LLM agents for recommendations is underexplored. In this work, we introduce a Bias Recommendation Benchmark (BiasRecBench) to highlight the critical vulnerability of such agents to biases in high-value real-world tasks. The benchmark includes three practical domains: paper review, e-commerce, and job recruitment. We construct a textscBias Synthesis Pipeline with Calibrated Quality Margins that 1) synthesizes evaluation data by controlling the quality gap between optimal and sub-optimal options to provide a calibrated testbed to elicit the vulnerability to biases; 2) injects contextual biases that are logical and suitable for option contexts. Extensive experiments on both SOTA (Gemini-2.5,3-pro, GPT-4o, DeepSeek-R1) and small-scale LLMs reveal that agents frequently succumb to injected biases despite having sufficient reasoning capabilities to identify the ground truth. These findings expose a significant reliability bottleneck in current agentic workflows, calling for specialized alignment strategies for LLM-as-a-Recommender. The complete code and evaluation datasets will be made publicly available shortly.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agentic recommender systems, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 23 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Mar 2026.

Builds on

23 of 37 references.

References · 23

  1. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  2. 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
  3. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agentscited by 2,203
  4. 2023ToolLLM: Facilitating Large Language Models to Master 16000+ Real-world APIscited by 1,880
  5. 2023Self-RAG: Learning to Retrieve, Generate, and Critique through Self-Reflectioncited by 1,800
  6. 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,197
  7. 2023Large Language Models are not Fair Evaluatorscited by 1,050
  8. 2024The AI Scientist: Towards Fully Automated Open-Ended Scientific Discoverycited by 1,002
  9. 2023RLAIF vs. RLHF: Scaling Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback with AI Feedbackcited by 615
  10. 2023Identifying the Risks of LM Agents with an LM-Emulated Sandboxcited by 514
  11. 2024LLMs-as-Judges: A Comprehensive Survey on LLM-based Evaluation Methodscited by 451
  12. 2025Agent Laboratory: Using LLM Agents as Research Assistantscited by 405
11 more
  1. 2024Justice or Prejudice? Quantifying Biases in LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 354
  2. 2024AgentBoard: An Analytical Evaluation Board of Multi-turn LLM Agentscited by 319
  3. 2024The Landscape of Emerging AI Agent Architectures for Reasoning, Planning, and Tool Calling: A Surveycited by 164
  4. 2024CycleResearcher: Improving Automated Research via Automated Reviewcited by 142
  5. 2025Deep Research Agents: A Systematic Examination And Roadmapcited by 122
  6. 2025JudgeLRM: Large Reasoning Models as a Judgecited by 76
  7. 2024MegaAgent: A Large-Scale Autonomous LLM-based Multi-Agent System Without Predefined SOPscited by 45
  8. 2025Assessing Judging Bias in Large Reasoning Models: An Empirical Studycited by 30
  9. 2025Evaluating Position Bias in Large Language Model Recommendationscited by 14
  10. 2025DreamDDP: Accelerating Data Parallel Distributed LLM Training with Layer-wise Scheduled Partial Synchronizationcited by 5
  11. 2025Towards Evaluting Fake Reasoning Bias in Language Modelscited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2026Less is More: Benchmarking LLM Based Recommendation Agents
  2. 2025AgentRecBench: Benchmarking LLM Agent-based Personalized Recommender Systems
  3. 2025A Survey on LLM-powered Agents for Recommender Systems
  4. 2025Does LLM Focus on the Right Words? Mitigating Context Bias in LLM-based Recommenders
  5. 2026AgentRecommender: LLM Agents Enable Customizable Recommender Systems on the User Side
  6. 2026RecoAtlas: From Semantic Plausibility to Set-Level Utility in LLM Recommendation Agents
  7. 2026How Much Can We Trust LLM Search Agents? Measuring Endorsement Vulnerability to Web Content Manipulation
  8. 2026RobustExplain: Evaluating Robustness of LLM-Based Explanation Agents for Recommendation