mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Beyond Benchmark Islands: Toward Representative Trustworthiness Evaluation for Agentic AI

arXiv 2603.14987 ↗First posted 16 Mar 2026cs.CL cs.DBcited by 0

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Agent threats, guardrails and governance

Abstract (arXiv)

Agentic AI systems increasingly act through tool-augmented, multi-step workflows whose failures (unsafe tool use, unauthorised actions, social harm) carry deployment-level consequences. Evaluation practice remains fragmented across isolated benchmark slices, and "trustworthiness" is frequently invoked but rarely defined operationally. We argue the central limitation is twofold: (i) the absence of a measurable specification of what agent trustworthiness means, and (ii) the lack of a principled notion of representativeness allowing assessment over a socio-technical scenario distribution rather than disconnected benchmark instances. We address (i) by defining agentic trustworthiness as a five-property profile (Reliability, Robustness, Safety, Social-Ethical Alignment, Operational Integrity) grounded in current AI risk frameworks, and (ii) with the Holographic Agent Assessment Framework (HAAF), which measures this profile over a scenario manifold through static policy analysis, sandbox simulation, social-ethical alignment assessment, and distribution-aware sampling, connected through an iterative Trustworthy Optimization Factory that converts red-team diagnoses into blue-team interventions. Our contributions are: (1) an operational five-property definition of agentic trustworthiness; (2) a distribution-aware scenario-sampling framework that surfaces property-level trade-offs invisible to scalar leaderboards; and (3) a cross-family transfer experiment in which interventions designed from a single focal model generalise -- without per-model or per-scenario tuning -- to 13 systems from seven model families (Llama, Mistral, Kimi, GLM, Qwen, GPT, DeepSeek) on a 100-scenario suite, where all 13 systems improve and two reach a perfect risk-weighted profile, establishing HAAF's Factory as a model-agnostic deployment-readiness pipeline. Code: https://github.com/TonyQJH/haaf-pilot

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Agent threats, guardrails and governance, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 13 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2026.

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13 of 37 references.

References · 13

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  2. 2020WILDS: A Benchmark of in-the-Wild Distribution Shiftscited by 1,366
  3. 2024τ-bench: A Benchmark for Tool-Agent-User Interaction in Real-World Domainscited by 1,280
  4. 2025gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Cardcited by 1,258
  5. 2023GAIA: a benchmark for General AI Assistantscited by 1,084
  6. 2023API-Bank: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Tool-Augmented LLMscited by 574
  7. 2023Prompt Injection attack against LLM-integrated Applicationscited by 568
  8. 2023SOTOPIA: Interactive Evaluation for Social Intelligence in Language Agentscited by 350
  9. 2024WorkArena: How Capable Are Web Agents at Solving Common Knowledge Work Tasks?cited by 348
  10. 2024ToolSandbox: A Stateful, Conversational, Interactive Evaluation Benchmark for LLM Tool Use Capabilitiescited by 272
  11. 2023Do the Rewards Justify the Means? Measuring Trade-Offs Between Rewards and Ethical Behavior in the MACHIAVELLI Benchmarkcited by 174
  12. 2025Evaluation and Benchmarking of LLM Agents: A Surveycited by 145
1 more
  1. 2025Can We Trust AI Benchmarks? An Interdisciplinary Review of Current Issues in AI Evaluationcited by 57

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  2. 2026TRACE: A Metrologically-Grounded Engineering Framework for Trustworthy Agentic AI Systems in Operationally Critical Domains
  3. 2026A Unified Evaluation Framework for Trustworthy Large Language Models, Agentic AI, and Multimodal Systems
  4. 2026Trustworthy AI Software Engineers
  5. 2026Beyond Task Success: An Evidence-Synthesis Framework for Evaluating, Governing, and Orchestrating Agentic AI
  6. 2026Trust Between AI Agents: Measuring Formation, Breakage, and Recovery, with Implications for Governing Multi-Agent Systems
  7. 2026Engineering Trustworthy Agentic AI for Critical Systems
  8. 2026Beyond single-channel agentic benchmarking