CoMMET: A Psychologically Grounded Benchmark for Evaluating Theory of Mind in Multimodal LLMs
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → MLLM training and visual instruction tuning
Abstract (arXiv)
Theory of Mind (ToM)-the ability to reason about the mental states of oneself and others-is a cornerstone of human social intelligence. As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) become ubiquitous in real-world applications, validating their capacity for this level of social reasoning is essential for effective and natural interactions. However, existing benchmarks for assessing ToM in MLLMs are limited; most rely solely on text inputs and focus narrowly on belief-related tasks. In this paper, we propose a new multimodal benchmark dataset, CoMMET, a comprehensive mental states and moral evaluation task inspired by the Theory of Mind Booklet Task. CoMMET expands the scope of evaluation by covering a broader range of mental states and introducing multi-turn testing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first psychology-grounded benchmark to evaluate MLLMs across multiple mental states in a multimodal, open-ended, and multi-turn setting. Through a comprehensive assessment of MLLMs across different families and sizes, we analyze the strengths and limitations of current models and identify directions for future improvement.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in MLLM training and visual instruction tuning, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 13 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Mar 2026.
Builds on
13 of 23 references.
References · 13
- 2023Large Language Models Fail on Trivial Alterations to Theory-of-Mind Taskscited by 288
- 2023FANToM: A Benchmark for Stress-testing Machine Theory of Mind in Interactionscited by 162
- 2023Clever Hans or Neural Theory of Mind? Stress Testing Social Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 161
- 2024MMToM-QA: Multimodal Theory of Mind Question Answeringcited by 84
- 2024MuMA-ToM: Multi-modal Multi-Agent Theory of Mindcited by 51
- 2024NegotiationToM: A Benchmark for Stress-testing Machine Theory of Mind on Negotiation Surroundingcited by 49
- 2023ToMChallenges: A Principle-Guided Dataset and Diverse Evaluation Tasks for Exploring Theory of Mindcited by 28
- 2025Theory of Mind in Large Language Models: Assessment and Enhancementcited by 24
- 2024Theory of Mind abilities of Large Language Models in Human-Robot Interaction : An Illusion?cited by 22
- 2025ToMATO: Verbalizing the Mental States of Role-Playing LLMs for Benchmarking Theory of Mindcited by 19
- 2024Limits of Theory of Mind Modelling in Dialogue-Based Collaborative Plan Acquisitioncited by 10
- 2024Mind Your Theory: Theory of Mind Goes Deeper Than Reasoningcited by 9
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- 2025XToM: Exploring the Multilingual Theory of Mind for Large Language Models
- 2025Rethinking Theory of Mind Benchmarks for LLMs: Towards A User-Centered Perspective
- 2023Understanding Social Reasoning in Language Models with Language Models
- 2024Multi-ToM: Evaluating Multilingual Theory of Mind Capabilities in Large Language Models
- 2025PersuasiveToM: A Benchmark for Evaluating Machine Theory of Mind in Persuasive Dialogues
- 2026GroupToM-Bench: Benchmarking Group Theory of Mind and Nonlinear Social Emergence in MLLMs
- 2024Probing the Robustness of Theory of Mind in Large Language Models
- 2024OpenToM: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Evaluating Theory-of-Mind Reasoning Capabilities of Large Language Models