mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Computational Pathology in the Era of Emerging Foundation and Agentic AI -- International Expert Perspectives on Clinical Integration and Translational Readiness

arXiv 2603.05884 ↗First posted 6 Mar 2026cs.CE cs.AIcited by 2

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Medical and scientific domain agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence through foundation models and agents have accelerated the evolution of computational pathology. Demonstrated performance gains reported across academia in benchmarking datasets in predictive tasks such as diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response have ignited substantial enthusiasm for clinical application. Despite this development momentum, real world adoption has lagged, as implementation faces economic, technical, and administrative challenges. Beyond existing discussions of technical architectures and comparative performance, this review considers how these emerging AI systems can be responsibly integrated into medical practice by connecting deployable clinical relevance with downstream analytical capabilities and their technical maturity, operational readiness, and economic and regulatory context. Drawing on perspectives from an international group, we provide a practical assessment of current capabilities and barriers to adoption in patient care settings.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Medical and scientific domain agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 30 of its 201 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Mar 2026.

Builds on

30 of 201 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025PathAgent: Toward Interpretable Analysis of Whole-slide Pathology Images via Large Language Model-based Agentic Reasoning21 Nov
  2. 2025Pathology-CoT: Learning Visual Chain-of-Thought Agent from Expert Whole Slide Image Diagnosis Behavior6 Oct
  3. 2025Evidence-based diagnostic reasoning with multi-agent copilot for human pathology26 Jun
  4. 2025MedAgent-Pro: Towards Evidence-based Multi-modal Medical Diagnosis via Reasoning Agentic Workflow21 Mar
  5. 2025PathFinder: A Multi-Modal Multi-Agent System for Medical Diagnostic Decision-Making Applied to Histopathology13 Feb

Other references · 25

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  2. 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
  3. 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,586
  4. 2021On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Modelscited by 4,033
  5. 2025DINOv3cited by 1,414
  6. 2021iBOT: Image BERT Pre-Training with Online Tokenizercited by 903
  7. 2024Virchow2: Scaling Self-Supervised Mixed Magnification Models in Pathologycited by 161
  8. 2025Medical Hallucinations in Foundation Models and Their Impact on Healthcarecited by 93
  9. 2024PRISM: A Multi-Modal Generative Foundation Model for Slide-Level Histopathologycited by 85
  10. 2025Accelerating Data Processing and Benchmarking of AI Models for Pathologycited by 65
  11. 2025Molecular-driven Foundation Model for Oncologic Pathologycited by 55
  12. 2025Current Pathology Foundation Models are unrobust to Medical Center Differencescited by 39
13 more
  1. 2025A Survey of Sim-to-Real Methods in RL: Progress, Prospects and Challenges with Foundation Modelscited by 38
  2. 2023Computational Pathology at Health System Scale -- Self-Supervised Foundation Models from Three Billion Imagescited by 31
  3. 2024PathAlign: A vision-language model for whole slide images in histopathologycited by 30
  4. 2025CPathAgent: An Agent-based Foundation Model for Interpretable High-Resolution Pathology Image Analysis Mimicking Pathologists' Diagnostic Logiccited by 29
  5. 2024PathGen-1.6M: 1.6 Million Pathology Image-text Pairs Generation through Multi-agent Collaborationcited by 28
  6. 2025Foundation Models in Computational Pathology: A Review of Challenges, Opportunities, and Impactcited by 22
  7. 2025A Foundation Model for Spatial Proteomicscited by 12
  8. 2025Foundation Models -- A Panacea for Artificial Intelligence in Pathology?cited by 10
  9. 2025Multi-Modal Foundation Models for Computational Pathology: A Surveycited by 9
  10. 2024Screen Them All: High-Throughput Pan-Cancer Genetic and Phenotypic Biomarker Screening from H&E Whole Slide Imagescited by 8
  11. 2025AI-powered virtual tissues from spatial proteomics for clinical diagnostics and biomedical discoverycited by 6
  12. 2025Pathryoshka: Compressing Pathology Foundation Models via Multi-Teacher Knowledge Distillation with Nested Embeddingscited by 6
  13. 2025Discovering Pathology Rationale and Token Allocation for Efficient Multimodal Pathology Reasoningcited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

  1. 2026A Clinically Validated Foundation Model for Comprehensive Lung Pathology Interpretationcited by 1
  2. 2026Democratizing and accelerating AI-driven pathology research through agentic intelligencecited by 1

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026Agentic AI in medicine: architectures, applications, evaluation, and challenges for clinical translation
  2. 2026A Multimodal Agentic Pathology Co-pilot via Evidence Grounded Reasoning
  3. 2025A co-evolving agentic AI system for medical imaging analysis
  4. 2026Evaluating Agentic Harness Systems for Autonomous Computational Pathology
  5. 2024Autonomous Artificial Intelligence Agents for Clinical Decision Making in Oncology
  6. 2025Foundation Models in Biomedical Imaging: Turning Hype into Reality
  7. 2026SAGE: Agentic Framework for Interpretable and Clinically Translatable Computational Pathology Biomarker Discovery
  8. 2023Recent Advances in Generative AI for Healthcare Applications