You Don't Need All That Attention: Surgical Memorization Mitigation in Text-to-Image Diffusion Models

Generative models have been shown to "memorize" certain training data, leading to verbatim or near-verbatim generating images, which may cause privacy concerns or copyright infringement. We introduce Guidance Using Attractive-Repulsive Dynamics (GUARD), a novel framework for memorization mitigation in text-to-image diffusion models. GUARD adjusts the image denoising process to guide the generation away from an original training image and towards one that is distinct from training data while remaining aligned with the prompt, guarding against reproducing training data, without hurting image generation quality. We propose a concrete instantiation of this framework, where the positive target that we steer towards is given by a novel method for (cross) attention attenuation based on (i) a novel statistical mechanism that automatically identifies the prompt positions where cross attention must be attenuated and (ii) attenuating cross-attention in these per-prompt locations. The resulting GUARD offers a surgical, dynamic per-prompt inference-time approach that, we find, is by far the most robust method in terms of consistently producing state-of-the-art results for memorization mitigation across two architectures and for both verbatim and template memorization, while also improving upon or yielding comparable results in terms of image quality.