Memorized Images in Diffusion Models share a Subspace that can be Located and Deleted
On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion foundations and sampling
Abstract (arXiv)
Large-scale text-to-image diffusion models excel in generating high-quality images from textual inputs, yet concerns arise as research indicates their tendency to memorize and replicate training data, raising We also addressed the issue of memorization in diffusion models, where models tend to replicate exact training samples raising copyright infringement and privacy issues. Efforts within the text-to-image community to address memorization explore causes such as data duplication, replicated captions, or trigger tokens, proposing per-prompt inference-time or training-time mitigation strategies. In this paper, we focus on the feed-forward layers and begin by contrasting neuron activations of a set of memorized and non-memorized prompts. Experiments reveal a surprising finding: many different sets of memorized prompts significantly activate a common subspace in the model, demonstrating, for the first time, that memorization in the diffusion models lies in a special subspace. Subsequently, we introduce a novel post-hoc method for editing pre-trained models, whereby memorization is mitigated through the straightforward pruning of weights in specialized subspaces, avoiding the need to disrupt the training or inference process as seen in prior research. Finally, we demonstrate the robustness of the pruned model against training data extraction attacks, thereby unveiling new avenues for a practical and one-for-all solution to memorization.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion foundations and sampling, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 25 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Jun 2024.
Builds on
25 of 29 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2024Towards Memorization-Free Diffusion Models1 Apr
- 2024Unveiling and Mitigating Memorization in Text-to-image Diffusion Models through Cross Attention17 Mar
- 2023On Memorization in Diffusion Models4 Oct
- 2023Understanding and Mitigating Copying in Diffusion Models31 May
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models20 Dec
Other references · 20
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2015U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 19,604
- 2022LAION-5B: An open large-scale dataset for training next generation image-text modelscited by 4,131
- 2016Membership Inference Attacks against Machine Learning Modelscited by 2,221
- 2019Language Models as Knowledge Bases?cited by 1,922
- 2018SNIP: Single-shot Network Pruning based on Connection Sensitivitycited by 802
- 2023A Simple and Effective Pruning Approach for Large Language Modelscited by 776
- 2022Quantifying Memorization Across Neural Language Modelscited by 755
- 2023Extracting Training Data from Diffusion Modelscited by 723
- 2022Diffusion Art or Digital Forgery? Investigating Data Replication in Diffusion Modelscited by 418
- 2020Early-Learning Regularization Prevents Memorization of Noisy Labelscited by 414
- 2023Stable Bias: Analyzing Societal Representations in Diffusion Modelscited by 225
8 more
- 2024Assessing the Brittleness of Safety Alignment via Pruning and Low-Rank Modificationscited by 220
- 2021MoEfication: Transformer Feed-forward Layers are Mixtures of Expertscited by 149
- 2022The Privacy Onion Effect: Memorization is Relativecited by 128
- 2022Truth Serum: Poisoning Machine Learning Models to Reveal Their Secretscited by 94
- 2023Can Neural Network Memorization Be Localized?cited by 66
- 2023A Reproducible Extraction of Training Images from Diffusion Modelscited by 60
- 2023Emergent Modularity in Pre-trained Transformerscited by 37
- 2020Finding Experts in Transformer Modelscited by 28
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 7; 2026: 3.
13 papers.
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- 2025On the Edge of Memorization in Diffusion Modelscited by 22
- 2024Classifier-Free Guidance inside the Attraction Basin May Cause Memorizationcited by 21
- 2025Provable Separations between Memorization and Generalization in Diffusion Modelscited by 14
- 2024CopyrightShield: Enhancing Diffusion Model Security against Copyright Infringement Attackscited by 5
- 2024Dual-Model Defense: Safeguarding Diffusion Models from Membership Inference Attacks through Disjoint Data Splittingcited by 3
- 2025Breaking Down Bias: On The Limits of Generalizable Pruning Strategiescited by 2
- 2025Demystifying Foreground-Background Memorization in Diffusion Modelscited by 2
- 2025SPQR: A Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Safety Alignment under Benign Model Adaptationcited by 2
- 2025Localizing and Mitigating Memorization in Image Autoregressive Modelscited by 1
- 2025Unconsciously Forget: Mitigating Memorization; Without Knowing What is being Memorizedcited by 1
- 2026Filtering Memorization from Parameter-Space in Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2026Broken Memories: Detecting and Mitigating Memorization in Diffusion Models with Degraded Generationscited by 0
- 2026Localizing Memorized Regions in Diffusion Models via Coordinate-Wise Curvature Differences26 May 2026
- 2026Broken Memories: Detecting and Mitigating Memorization in Diffusion Models with Degraded Generations21 May 2026
- 2026Filtering Memorization from Parameter-Space in Diffusion Models11 May 2026
- 2025Unconsciously Forget: Mitigating Memorization; Without Knowing What is being Memorized10 Dec 2025
- 2025SPQR: A Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Safety Alignment under Benign Model Adaptation24 Nov 2025
- 2025Provable Separations between Memorization and Generalization in Diffusion Models5 Nov 2025
- 2025Localizing and Mitigating Memorization in Image Autoregressive Models30 Aug 2025
- 2025On the Edge of Memorization in Diffusion Models25 Aug 2025
- 2025Demystifying Foreground-Background Memorization in Diffusion Models16 Aug 2025
- 2025Breaking Down Bias: On The Limits of Generalizable Pruning Strategies11 Feb 2025
- 2024CopyrightShield: Enhancing Diffusion Model Security against Copyright Infringement Attacks2 Dec 2024
- 2024Classifier-Free Guidance inside the Attraction Basin May Cause Memorization23 Nov 2024
- 2025On the Edge of Memorization in Diffusion Modelscited by 22
- 2024Classifier-Free Guidance inside the Attraction Basin May Cause Memorizationcited by 21
- 2025Provable Separations between Memorization and Generalization in Diffusion Modelscited by 14
- 2024CopyrightShield: Enhancing Diffusion Model Security against Copyright Infringement Attackscited by 5
- 2024Dual-Model Defense: Safeguarding Diffusion Models from Membership Inference Attacks through Disjoint Data Splittingcited by 3
- 2025Demystifying Foreground-Background Memorization in Diffusion Modelscited by 2
- 2025SPQR: A Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Safety Alignment under Benign Model Adaptationcited by 2
- 2026Filtering Memorization from Parameter-Space in Diffusion Modelscited by 0
- 2026Broken Memories: Detecting and Mitigating Memorization in Diffusion Models with Degraded Generationscited by 0
- 2026Localizing Memorized Regions in Diffusion Models via Coordinate-Wise Curvature Differencescited by 0
- 2026Localizing Memorized Regions in Diffusion Models via Coordinate-Wise Curvature Differences26 May 2026
- 2026Broken Memories: Detecting and Mitigating Memorization in Diffusion Models with Degraded Generations21 May 2026
- 2026Filtering Memorization from Parameter-Space in Diffusion Models11 May 2026
- 2025SPQR: A Multi-Dimensional Benchmark for Safety Alignment under Benign Model Adaptation24 Nov 2025
- 2025Provable Separations between Memorization and Generalization in Diffusion Models5 Nov 2025
- 2025On the Edge of Memorization in Diffusion Models25 Aug 2025
- 2025Demystifying Foreground-Background Memorization in Diffusion Models16 Aug 2025
- 2024CopyrightShield: Enhancing Diffusion Model Security against Copyright Infringement Attacks2 Dec 2024
- 2024Classifier-Free Guidance inside the Attraction Basin May Cause Memorization23 Nov 2024
- 2024Dual-Model Defense: Safeguarding Diffusion Models from Membership Inference Attacks through Disjoint Data Splitting22 Oct 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Finding DoRI: Discovery of Retained Images in Diffusion Models
- 2024Exploring Local Memorization in Diffusion Models via Bright Ending Attention
- 2024Detecting, Explaining, and Mitigating Memorization in Diffusion Models
- 2026Rethinking Memorization Mitigation in Diffusion Models: Reinforcing Text Conditioning
- 2026Memorization In Stable Diffusion Is Unexpectedly Driven by CLIP Embeddings
- 2025How Diffusion Models Memorize
- 2023Memory Triggers: Unveiling Memorization in Text-To-Image Generative Models through Word-Level Duplication
- 2024Finding NeMo: Localizing Neurons Responsible For Memorization in Diffusion Models