mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Optimizing Neural Network Architecture for Medical Image Segmentation Using Monte Carlo Tree Search

arXiv 2602.22361 ↗First posted 25 Feb 2026cs.CVcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper proposes a novel medical image segmentation framework, MNAS-Unet, which combines Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and Neural Architecture Search (NAS). MNAS-Unet dynamically explores promising network architectures through MCTS, significantly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of architecture search. It also optimizes the DownSC and UpSC unit structures, enabling fast and precise model adjustments. Experimental results demonstrate that MNAS-Unet outperforms NAS-Unet and other state-of-the-art models in segmentation accuracy on several medical image datasets, including PROMISE12, Ultrasound Nerve, and CHAOS. Furthermore, compared with NAS-Unet, MNAS-Unet reduces the architecture search budget by 54% (early stopping at 139 epochs versus 300 epochs under the same search setting), while achieving a lightweight model with only 0.6M parameters and lower GPU memory consumption, which further improves its practical applicability. These results suggest that MNAS-Unet can improve search efficiency while maintaining competitive segmentation accuracy under practical resource constraints.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2026.

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References · 19

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  12. 2022DCSAU-Net: A Deeper and More Compact Split-Attention U-Net for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 37
7 more
  1. 2023Self-aware and Cross-sample Prototypical Learning for Semi-supervised Medical Image Segmentationcited by 20
  2. 2018Neural Architecture Search using Deep Neural Networks and Monte Carlo Tree Searchcited by 17
  3. 2023Beyond Games: A Systematic Review of Neural Monte Carlo Tree Search Applicationscited by 16
  4. 2022MNet: Rethinking 2D/3D Networks for Anisotropic Medical Image Segmentationcited by 13
  5. 2019Genetic Neural Architecture Search for automatic assessment of human sperm imagescited by 4
  6. 2022A UCB-based Tree Search Approach to Joint Verification-Correction Strategy for Large Scale Systemscited by 3
  7. 2022Revisiting Training-free NAS Metrics: An Efficient Training-based Methodcited by 3

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