Mnemis: Dual-Route Retrieval on Hierarchical Graphs for Long-Term LLM Memory
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Abstract (arXiv)
AI Memory, specifically how models organizes and retrieves historical messages, becomes increasingly valuable to Large Language Models (LLMs), yet existing methods (RAG and Graph-RAG) primarily retrieve memory through similarity-based mechanisms. While efficient, such System-1-style retrieval struggles with scenarios that require global reasoning or comprehensive coverage of all relevant information. In this work, We propose Mnemis, a novel memory framework that integrates System-1 similarity search with a complementary System-2 mechanism, termed Global Selection. Mnemis organizes memory into a base graph for similarity retrieval and a hierarchical graph that enables top-down, deliberate traversal over semantic hierarchies. By combining the complementary strength from both retrieval routes, Mnemis retrieves memory items that are both semantically and structurally relevant. Mnemis achieves state-of-the-art performance across all compared methods on long-term memory benchmarks, scoring 93.9 on LoCoMo and 91.6 on LongMemEval-S using GPT-4.1-mini.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Feb 2026.
Builds on
25 of 38 references.
References · 25
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- 2025Memory-R1: Enhancing Large Language Model Agents to Manage and Utilize Memories via Reinforcement Learningcited by 220
13 more
- 2025MIRIX: Multi-Agent Memory System for LLM-Based Agentscited by 160
- 2025MemOS: A Memory OS for AI Systemcited by 129
- 2025EmbeddingGemma: Powerful and Lightweight Text Representationscited by 128
- 2024Retrieval Augmented Generation or Long-Context LLMs? A Comprehensive Study and Hybrid Approachcited by 117
- 2025On Memory Construction and Retrieval for Personalized Conversational Agentscited by 101
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 7.
7 papers.
- 2026Structured Belief State and the First Precision-Aware Benchmark for LLM Memory Retrievalcited by 2
- 2026Entity-Memory Graph Retrieval Improves Evidence Coverage in Long-Conversation Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026SpeakerMem-R1: Speaker-Centered Dual-Track Memory for Multi-Party Dialoguecited by 0
- 2026EMIR2: Evolution-Aware Memory with Intent-Guided Multi-Round Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026Contract Memory Compiler: Resolve, Then Traversecited by 0
- 2026Vestrum: Improving Agent Harnesses by Adapting Their Verification, Structure and Memorycited by 0
- 2026Stashbird: Efficient Speaker-Indexed Memory for Conversational Agentscited by 0
- 2026Stashbird: Efficient Speaker-Indexed Memory for Conversational Agents28 Sep 2026
- 2026Vestrum: Improving Agent Harnesses by Adapting Their Verification, Structure and Memory27 Sep 2026
- 2026Contract Memory Compiler: Resolve, Then Traverse26 Sep 2026
- 2026EMIR2: Evolution-Aware Memory with Intent-Guided Multi-Round Retrieval26 Sep 2026
- 2026SpeakerMem-R1: Speaker-Centered Dual-Track Memory for Multi-Party Dialogue22 Sep 2026
- 2026Entity-Memory Graph Retrieval Improves Evidence Coverage in Long-Conversation Question Answering28 Aug 2026
- 2026Structured Belief State and the First Precision-Aware Benchmark for LLM Memory Retrieval11 May 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2025Hierarchical Memory for High-Efficiency Long-Term Reasoning in LLM Agents
- 2026REAL: A Reasoning-Enhanced Graph Framework for Long-Term Memory Management of LLMs
- 2024MemLong: Memory-Augmented Retrieval for Long Text Modeling
- 2026Hierarchical Graph Memory for LLM Agents with Path-level Localization and Rewrite
- 2026MGRetrieval: Memory-Guided Reflective Retrieval for Long-Term Dialogue Agents
- 2025PersonalAI: A Systematic Comparison of Knowledge Graph Storage and Retrieval Approaches for Personalized LLM agents
- 2026MemGraphRAG: Memory-based Multi-Agent System for Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation
- 2026DYNA : Dynamic Episodic Memory Networks for Augmenting Large Language Models with Temporal Knowledge Graphs in Continuous Learning