Reliable Thinking with Images
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
As a multimodal extension of Chain-of-Thought (CoT), Thinking with Images (TWI) has recently emerged as a promising avenue to enhance the reasoning capability of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), which generates interleaved CoT by incorporating visual cues into the textual reasoning process. However, the success of existing TWI methods heavily relies on the assumption that interleaved image-text CoTs are faultless, which is easily violated in real-world scenarios due to the complexity of multimodal understanding. In this paper, we reveal and study a highly-practical yet under-explored problem in TWI, termed Noisy Thinking (NT). Specifically, NT refers to the imperfect visual cues mining and answer reasoning process. As the saying goes, ``One mistake leads to another'', erroneous interleaved CoT would cause error accumulation, thus significantly degrading the performance of MLLMs. To solve the NT problem, we propose a novel method dubbed Reliable Thinking with Images (RTWI). In brief, RTWI estimates the reliability of visual cues and textual CoT in a unified text-centric manner and accordingly employs robust filtering and voting modules to prevent NT from contaminating the final answer. Extensive experiments on seven benchmarks verify the effectiveness of RTWI against NT.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 22 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Feb 2026.
Builds on
22 of 37 references.
Closest ancestors · 5
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Deep But Reliable: Advancing Multi-turn Reasoning for Thinking with Images19 Dec
- 2025Thyme: Think Beyond Images15 Aug
- 2025DeepEyes: Incentivizing "Thinking with Images" via Reinforcement Learning20 May
- 2024LogicVista: Multimodal LLM Logical Reasoning Benchmark in Visual Contexts6 Jul
- 2023Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Language Models2 Feb
Other references · 17
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
- 2020Scaling Laws for Neural Language Modelscited by 6,411
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
- 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,601
- 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,881
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,537
- 2025Qwen3-VL Technical Reportcited by 2,534
- 2024OpenAI o1 System Cardcited by 1,220
- 2022Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Modelscited by 684
- 2025A Survey on Test-Time Scaling in Large Language Models: What, How, Where, and How Well?cited by 215
- 2025Deep Think with Confidencecited by 199
5 more
- 2025Scalable Best-of-N Selection for Large Language Models via Self-Certaintycited by 182
- 2025Mini-o3: Scaling Up Reasoning Patterns and Interaction Turns for Visual Searchcited by 116
- 2025Confidence Improves Self-Consistency in LLMscited by 111
- 2025Traceable Evidence Enhanced Visual Grounded Reasoning: Evaluation and Methodologycited by 67
- 2025MUR: Momentum Uncertainty guided Reasoning for Large Language Modelscited by 17
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.
5 papers.
- 2026Walk the Talk: Bridging the Reasoning-Action Gap for Thinking with Images via Multimodal Agentic Policy Optimizationcited by 4
- 2026Perceive-to-Reason: Decoupling Perception and Reasoning for Fine-Grained Visual Reasoningcited by 3
- 2026Test-time Scaling over Perception: Resolving the Grounding Paradox in Thinking with Imagescited by 1
- 2026See2Think: Do Multimodal Models Really Use Intermediate Visual States?cited by 0
- 2026Aphanta: Diagnosing Task-Aligned Image-Edited Intermediates for Multimodal Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Aphanta: Diagnosing Task-Aligned Image-Edited Intermediates for Multimodal Reasoning27 Aug 2026
- 2026See2Think: Do Multimodal Models Really Use Intermediate Visual States?29 Jul 2026
- 2026Perceive-to-Reason: Decoupling Perception and Reasoning for Fine-Grained Visual Reasoning1 Jul 2026
- 2026Test-time Scaling over Perception: Resolving the Grounding Paradox in Thinking with Images13 Apr 2026
- 2026Walk the Talk: Bridging the Reasoning-Action Gap for Thinking with Images via Multimodal Agentic Policy Optimization8 Apr 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026TVI-CoT: Text-Visual Interleaved Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Multimodal Understanding
- 2025Grounded Chain-of-Thought for Multimodal Large Language Models
- 2025Visual Thoughts: A Unified Perspective of Understanding Multimodal Chain-of-Thought
- 2025Reasoning Within the Mind: Dynamic Multimodal Interleaving in Latent Space
- 2025ThinkMorph: Emergent Properties in Multimodal Interleaved Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
- 2026Look Light, Think Heavy: What Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Can and Cannot Do
- 2026Thinking with Images as Continuous Actions: Numerical Visual Chain-of-Thought
- 2024Thinking Before Looking: Improving Multimodal LLM Reasoning via Mitigating Visual Hallucination